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CAM304 - ANATOMY > P1: Histology of the nervous system > Flashcards

P1: Histology of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is a multipolar neuron?

A

A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites

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2
Q

Name the important structures of a neuron

A
  1. Dendrites
  2. Soma/body
  3. Axon
  4. Synaptic terminal
  5. Myelin sheath associated with neuron
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3
Q

Where would you find a multipolar neuron?

A

alpha motor neuron located in ventral horn

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4
Q

Where would you find a bipolar neuron?

A

Sensory neuron in the retina

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5
Q

Where would you find a pseudounipolar neuron?

A

Cell body located in the DRG - sensory neurons

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6
Q

What is the ratio of neurons:glial cells in the human nervous system?

A

1:10

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7
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Grey matter is the tissue in the CNS which contains neuronal cell bodies, neutropil, and glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.

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8
Q

What is white matter?

A

Tissue in CNS which contains mainly myelinated axons and glial cells.

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9
Q

How do you tell the ventral from dorsal surface of the spinal cord?

A

Ventral surface has a much wider median tissue.

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10
Q

Where do upper motor neurons reside?

A

Primary motor cortex (pre-central gyrus)

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11
Q

Where do lower motor neurons (alpha motor neurons) reside?

A

Ventral horn of spinal cord

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12
Q

What do lower motor neurons innervate?

A

Skeletal muscles

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13
Q

What is a Nissl body?

A

Granular accumulation of RER in the soma of a neuron

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14
Q

What is the term used to describe a collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS?

A

Nucleus

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15
Q

What is a ganglia?

A

Collection of cell bodies in the PNS

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16
Q

What structural type of neuron is found in the DRG?

A

Pseudounipolar

17
Q

What is the node of Ranvier and what is the functional significance?

A

Small ‘gaps’ or ‘joints’ between myelin sheath segments which cause the action potential to ‘jump’ from node to node for faster transmission of the AP to the target.

18
Q

What are the four types of neurons as described by their connections?

A
  1. Motor neurons
  2. Sensory Neurons
  3. Interneurons
  4. Projection neurons
19
Q

What structure are most motor neurons?

A

Multipolar

20
Q

What structure is the common sensory neuron, and what structure are some special sensory neurons (e.g. optic)

A

Common = pseudo unipolar

Special sensory = bipolar

21
Q

What are projection neurons - structurally and functionally

A

Structurally usually multipolar. They connect distant parts of the CNS with each other e.g. neuron to neuron from one hemisphere to the other

22
Q

What are interneurons - structurally and functionally?

A

Generally multipolar, but follow the structure of the communication in they are in. They connect different local areas of CNS e.g. in reflex arcs within the spine between motor & sensory, as well as between 1st 2nd order neurons etc.

23
Q

What are the four types of glial cells found in the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Microglial cells
  3. Ependymal cells
  4. Oligodendrocyte
24
Q

What are the two types of glial cell found in the PNS?

A
  1. Schwann cell

2. Satellite cell (modified Schwann cell)

25
Q

What is the function of the astrocyte?

A

Supporting cells; forms the blood brain barrier so generally associated with vessels.

26
Q

What is the function of the oligodendrocyte?

A

Supporting cell which myelinates neurons within the CNS

27
Q

What is the function of the satellite cell?

A

Supporting cell (similar to astrocyte) in the PNS

28
Q

What is the function of the Schwann cell?

A

Myelinates axons in the PNS

29
Q

What is the function of the ependymal cell?

A

Produces CSF; found mainly lining the ventricles.

30
Q

Which organelle is involved with axonal transport of material?

A

Microtubules

31
Q

Transport from the cell body to the axon is called:

A

Antegrade

32
Q

Transport from the axon to the cell body is called:

A

Retrograde

CAM304 - ANATOMY (7 decks)

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