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Aqa GCSE Physics ⚡️Sassy Sykelotron Edition > P1. Topic 1- Energy 🥇 > Flashcards

P1. Topic 1- Energy 🥇 Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Name all the energy stores

A

Thermal
Kinetic
Gravitational potential
Elastic potential
Chemical
Magnetic
Electrostatic
Nuclear

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2
Q

What can energy never be

A

Created or destroyed

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3
Q

What can energy be

A

Transferred

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4
Q

How it energy transferred

A

Through stores

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5
Q

What happens when a system changes

A

Energy is transferred

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6
Q

What is a closed system

A

When neither matter energy nor matter can enter or leave, the net energy in the total energy will always be 0

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7
Q

What kind of energy store would be found in a kettle boiling water

A

Thermal

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8
Q

Give the methods that can transfer energy

A

Change in system,
heating
work done
falling objects

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9
Q

What is work done

A

The energy transferred

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10
Q

Give the formula for work done

A

Work done= force x displacement

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11
Q

Energy lost from the G.P.E store = ?

A

Energy gained in the kinetic energy

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12
Q

What forces act on a falling object

A

Gravitational energy turns into kinetic energy
In real life air resistance will also act and some energy will be transferred to other energy stores, e.g thermal

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13
Q

Which energy store is in relation with movement

A

Kinetic energy

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14
Q

What is the formula for kinetic energy

A

Kinetic energy= 1/2 mass x speed^2

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15
Q

What do raised objects store

A

Gravitational potential

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16
Q

Give the formula for gravitational potential energy

A

Gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength (9.8) x height

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17
Q

What does stretching do

A

Transfer energy to elastic potential energy stores

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18
Q

Give the formula for the elastic potential energy store

A

Elastic potential = 1/2 spring constant x extension ^2

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19
Q

What does greater height mean in terms of gravitational potential

A

More energy

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20
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

Amount of energy required for a substance to be raised by 1°C/Kg

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21
Q

Do all materials have the same specific heat capacity

A

No!

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22
Q

Give the formula involving specific heat capacity

A

Change in thermal energy= mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change

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23
Q

Plan an investigation on how to investigate specific heat capacities of a solid material

A

Place the immersion heater into the central hole at the top of the block.
Place the thermometer into the smaller hole and put a couple of drops of water into the hole.
Fully insulate the block by wrapping it loosely with cotton wool.
Record the temperature of the block.
Connect the heater to the power supply and turn it off after ten minutes.
After ten minutes the temperature will still rise even though the heater has been turned off and then it will begin to cool. Record the highest temperature that it reaches and calculate the temperature rise during the experiment.

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24
Q

Why is water added into the smaller hole

A

It makes measuring temperature easier as measuring the temperature of solids is difficult

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25
What is the conservation of energy principle
Energy is always conserved and is transferred usefully through stores
26
What happens to some energy during an energy transfer
Some is dissipated sometimes referred to as ‘wasted energy’
27
Name the energy transfers in a mobile phone
Chemical from the battery- some is dissipated in the form of thermal energy, which is why your phone may overheat
28
What does power mean
The rate of doing work
29
What is power measured in
Watts
30
What does one watt represent
1 joule of energy transferred per second
31
What two equations can you use to calculate power
Power= energy transferred/ time Power= work done/ time
32
What state does conduction mainly occur
Solid
33
What is conduction
The process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles
34
Describe what happens during conduction
Energy transferred by heating (thermal store) and energy is shared across the kinetic energy store of the particles in the object. Particles will vibrate more and collide with each other, these collisions cause energy to be transferred. This is conduction. The process continues throughout the object until it has transferred to the other side.
35
What is thermal conductivity
A measure of how quickly energy is transferred through a material.
36
What state does convection occur in
Liquids and gasses
37
What is convection
Where energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions
38
Describe the process of convection
Energy is transferred by heating to the thermal store do the liquid or gas, energy is shared across the kinetic stores Particles move faster and space between individual particles increased, density decreases Warmer and less dense region will rise above denser, cooler regions, constant heat source causes a convection current to be created
39
What reduces frictional forces
Lubrication
40
Give an example of lubrication
Most liquids that can coat objects, e.g oil
41
What does insulation do
Reduces the rate of energy transfer by heating to
42
Why is insulation useful
Keeps things warm, e.g houses or flasks
43
How can a house be insulated
Thick walls- lowers the thermal conductivity Thermal insulation- cavity walls, loft insulation, doubles glazed windows, drought excluders
44
Plan an investigation of the effectiveness of different insulators. (This is not a RP)
Place a small beaker into a larger beaker. Fill the small beaker with hot water from a kettle. Put a piece of cardboard over the beakers as a lid. The lid should have a hole suitable for a thermometer. Place a thermometer into the smaller beaker through the hole. Record the temperature of the water in the small beaker and start the stopwatch. Record the temperature of the water every 2 minutes for 20 minutes. Repeat steps 1-6, each time packing the space between the large beaker and small beaker with the chosen insulating material. Plot a graph of temperature (y-axis) against time (x-axis).
45
Give a factor that affects how good a material is at insulating
Thickness of the material
46
Give the formula for efficiency (there are 2!)
Efficiency= useful output energy transfer/ total input energy transfer Or Efficiency= useful power output/ total power output
47
Name one example of a 100% efficient item
Electric heaters- all energy in the electrostatic energy is transferred to ‘useful’ thermal energy stores
48
Explain why water is added into the smaller hole
To allow a better reading as it is difficult to take the temperature of a solid pbject
49
Define non renewable
a substance that is used up more quickly than it can replace itself
50
Name the three main non renewable resources
Coal, oil, natural gas
51
What is a fossil fuel
A natural resource that forms underground over millions of years, typically burnt
52
Define renewable resource
A resource that will never run out as it can be produced
53
Give some examples of renewable resources
Solar Wind Water waves Hydro electricity Bio fuel Tides Geothermal
54
Name some non renewable resources that are used for transport
Petrol Diesel Coal (trains’
55
Name some renewable resources that are used for transport
Electricity Bio fuels
56
Name some non renewable resources that can be used for heating
Natural gas Coal Electric heaters (electricity generated from non renewable resources)
57
Name some renewable resources that are used for heating
Geothermal Solar water heaters Bio fuel Electricity (from renewable resources)
58
Describe how wind turbines work
Lots of wind turbines which have a generator inside which will generate electricity when turned
59
Do wind turbines pollute
No, except some when being manufactured
60
Give some advantages of wind power
Advantages No pollution once they are manufactured Renewable resource No fuel cost Minimal running cost No permanent damage to the landscape
61
Give some disadvantages of wind power
Disadvantages: Noisy Look unappealing Weather dependant (no wind or the wind is too strong) Manufacturing releases some pollutants and is quite expensive Impossible to increase supply
62
How many wind turbines are needed to replace one coal- fired power station
1500
63
Describe what a solar cell is
Utilising the suns solar radiation and converting it into energy
64
What is best charged with solar energy
Calculators and watches
65
Give some advantages of solar cells
No pollution after manufacturing Very reliable in sunny countries Running cost is almost zero
66
Give some disadvantages of solar cells
Weather dependant, only works when there is sun (not nighttime) Can increase supply when demand is high Initial costs are high and quite a lot of pollution is produced when manufacturing
67
Describe geothermal power
Energy is produced from underground energy stores
68
Where can geothermal energy be produced from
Underground, in volcanic areas where hot rocks lie near the surface
69
Give some advantages of geothermal power
Reliable and few environmental issues Can heat buildings directly
70
Give some disadvantages of solar cells
Not many suitable locations for power plants Expensive to build power plant
71
Describe hydro electric power
Used falling water to transfer energy from the kinetic store and requires the flooding of a big dam and the water turns turbines
72
Give some advantages of hydro electricity generated from power
No pollution Can produce an immediate response when there is an increased demand for electricity Reliable (unless during a drought) No fuel costs
73
Give some disadvantages of hydro electricity generated from power
Can result in loss of habitat and destruction of ecosystems Look unsightly
74
Describe wave power
Small turbines around the coast which has generators and the waves will turn them, which generates electricity
75
Give some advantages of wave powered turbines
No pollution No fuel costs Very useful on small islands
76
Give some disadvantages of wave powered turbines
Disturbs the seabed Spoils the view Hazardous to boats Unreliable when wind drops Initial costs are high and quite
77
Describe tidal barrages
Building big dams built across river estuaries, with turbines, as the tide comes in from the gravitational pull of the sun and moon, it fills the estuary. The water is then let through the turbines at a controlled speed
78
Give some advantages of tidal barrages
Reliable as it can happen twice a day without fail No fuel costs Minimal running costs Has potential to generate significant amount of energy
79
Give some disadvantages of tidal barrages
Prevent free access of boats Spoiling views Initial costs are high Height of tide is variable
80
What are bio fuels made of
Plants and waste
81
Give some advantages of biofuels
Carbon neutral- only if plants are burnt and growing at the same rate Reliable as they don’t take long to grow and can respond to immediate energy demands
82
Give some disadvantages of biofuels
Expensive May take up space for crops that are meant for food Some large areas of forest have been cleared, loss of habitat, decay of burnt vegetation increases CO2 levels and methane emissions
83
84
Are renewable or non renewable resources more reliable
Non renewable
85
Why are non renewable resources good
Reliable Not very expensive Usually meet demand
86
Why are non renewable resources bad
Carbon dioxide is released when burnt, which adds to the greenhouse effect and global warming - causing extreme weather and ice caps melting as well as loss of habitat
87
Give some examples of the impact when non renewable resources are used
Soulful dioxide - acid rain Views are spoilt due to mines Oil spillages cause serious environmental problems Nuclear waste is difficult to dispose of Nuclear power has potential to cause catastrophic effects, e.g Fukushima disaster
88
What factors limit the use of renewable energy
Reliability, money, politics
89
Why is money important in terms of renewable energy
Machinery and power plants are expensive to build
90
Why id politics important in terms of renewable energy
Many of the buildings will come from tax money and government, some think this use of money isn’t ethical

Aqa GCSE Physics ⚡️Sassy Sykelotron Edition (9 decks)

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