P1. Topic 3- Particle Model Of Matter 🥈

Question 1

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 1

Solids, liquids and gases

Question 2

How are particles in a solid arranged?

Answer 2

-close together
-regular pattern
-vibrate but do not move from place to place

Question 3

How are particles in a liquid arranged?

Answer 3

-close together
-not arranged in a regular pattern
-particles can move around each other

Question 4

How are particles in a gas arranged?

Answer 4

-far away
-not arranged in any pattern
-move rapidly

Question 5

What is the equation for density

Answer 5

density = mass/volume

Question 6

what is the unit for density

Answer 6

kg/m^3

Question 7

A block of wood has a mass of 150kg and a volume of 0.3m^3. Calculate the density.

Answer 7

500kg/m^3

Question 8

Do solids usually have a high or low density?

Answer 8

High

Question 9

Do liquids usually have a high or low density?

Answer 9

High

Question 10

Do gases usually have a high or low density?

Answer 10

Low

Question 11

What is the definition of internal energy?

Answer 11

The energy stored in a system by particles (total kinetic energy and potential energy)

Question 12

What is the name for when a solid turns into a liquid?

Answer 12

Melting

Question 13

What is the name for when a liquid turns into a gas?

Answer 13

Boiling

Question 14

What is the name for when a gas turns into liquid?

Answer 14

Condensation

Question 15

What is the name for when a liquid turns into a solid?

Answer 15

Freezing

Question 16

What happens between state changes?

Answer 16

Internal energy increases/ decreases

Question 17

What is the name for when a solid turns into a gas?

Answer 17

Sublimation

Question 18

What happens to mass between state changes?

Answer 18

It remains the same as mass is conserved

Question 19

Are changes of state physical changes or chemical changes?

Answer 19

Physical

Question 20

What is evaporation?

Answer 20

When only the particles on the surface of a liquid have enough energy to turn into a gas

Question 21

What is the definition of specific heat capacity?

Answer 21

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degrees celsius

Question 22

What is the equation for specific heat capacity?

Answer 22

change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change

Question 23

Calculate the energy required to increase the temperature of 2kg of water from 20°C to 100°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 j/kg°C.
change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change

Answer 23

672 kJ

Question 24

What is the unit for specific heat capacity

Answer 24

J/kg°C

Question 25

An iron has an aluminium plate with a mass of 1.5kg. Calculate the thermal energy stored in the plate when the temperature rises from 20°C to 200°C. The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 913 J/kg°C

Answer 25

246.51 kJ

Question 26

A hot water bottle cools down from 80°C to 20°C, releasing 756,000 J of thermal energy. Calculate the mass of the water in the hit water bottle. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg°C.

Answer 26

3kg

Question 27

Does temperature change during state changes?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

What happens during melting/boiling?

Answer 28

The energy we are putting in is weakening or breaking the forces of attraction between the particles, allowing the substance to change from a solid to a liquid

Question 29

What is the name for the temperature that a substance melts at?

Answer 29

Melting point

Question 30

What is the definition for specific latent heat?

Answer 30

The amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature

Question 31

What is the definition of specific latent heat of fusion?

Answer 31

The energy required to change 1kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid with no change in temperature

Question 32

What is the definition of specific latent heat of vapourisation

Answer 32

The energy required to change 1kg of a substance from liquid to a vapour with no change in temperature

Question 33

What is the equation for specific latent heat?

Answer 33

Energy for a change of state = mass x specific latent heat

Question 34

What is the unit for specific latent heat?

Answer 34

J/kg

Question 35

Calculate the energy required to convert 0.5kg of ice to liquid water. The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 334,000 J/kg.

Answer 35

167,000 J or 167 kJ

Question 36

Calculate the energy required to convert 0.15kg of ethanol from a liquid to a vapour. The specific latent heat of vaporisation of ethanol is 846,000 J/kg

Answer 36

126,900 J

Question 37

What is gas pressure caused by?

Answer 37

The particles colliding with the walls of the container that the gas is held in

Question 38

How can pressure be increased in terms of particles?

Answer 38

If we increase number of collisions per second or the energy of each collision Increase the temperature

Question 39

What happens to pressure when volume is increased?

Answer 39

Pressure decreases

Question 40

What is the relationship between pressure and volume

Answer 40

Inversely proportional

Question 41

What is the equation linking pressure and volume?

Answer 41

Pressure x volume = constant

Question 42

A gas has a volume of 2m^3 and a pressure of 400,000 Pa. The volume is increased to 6m^3. Calculate the pressure.

Answer 42

133 333 Pa

Question 43

A gas has a volume of 10m^3 and a pressure of 50,000 Pa. The volume is increased to 50m^3. Calculate the pressure.

Answer 43

10,000 Pa

Question 44

A gas has a volume of 5m^3 and a pressure of 150,000 Pa. The pressure decreases to 50,000 Pa. Calculate the volume.

Answer 44

15m^3

Question 45

What is the effect of doing work on an enclosed gas?

Answer 45

Energy is transferred to the gas particles, so the internal energy of the gas increases and temperature increases.