P16

Question 1

What are the planets in our solar system?

Answer 1

Mercury, Venus, Earth. Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Question 2

Define a planet

Answer 2

A celestial body of mass which orbits a star

Question 3

What is a moon?

Answer 3

A mass which orbits a planet and reflects light and sound

Question 4

Explain how a star is formed (4 marks)

Answer 4

• planetary nebula gravitates together
• gravity pulls in and the temperature increases as a protostar is formed
• the protostar is hot and hydrogen atoms fuse together
• eventually the radiation pressure pushing outwards is equal to gravity and it becomes stable

Question 5

How does a black dwarf form?

Answer 5

Star becomes a red giant and swells up which becomes a white dwarf and then it cools and becomes a black dwarf

Question 6

How does a neutron star form?

Answer 6

Star becomes a red super giant which becomes unstable and turns into a small supernova, which then fades into a neutron star

Question 7

How does a black hole form?

Answer 7

Star becomes a red super giant which becomes unstable and turns into a massive supernova, which then turns to a black hole as it collapses in on itself

Question 8

How does a star become stable?

Answer 8

When the outward force of fusion is equal to gravity

Question 9

What is a hyperbolic orbit?

Answer 9

Where something has a greater velocity allowing it to escape from the effects of planetary gravity

Question 10

What is a parabolic orbit?

Answer 10

High enough velocity to escape planetary gravity (just)

Question 11

What are the two types of satellite orbits?

Answer 11

Low polar
Geostationary

Question 12

How does red shift work?

Answer 12

Distant galaxies which are moving further away decrease light wavelength and make it red

Question 13

How does red shift support big bang theory?

Answer 13

All moving galaxies can be traced back to a central point

Question 14

What are the three possibilities of universe expansion?

Answer 14

Crunch
Yawn
Exponential

Question 15

What is the definition of a planet?

Answer 15

A celestial body that orbits a star, is spherical in shape, and has cleared its orbit of other debris.

Question 16

True or False: The Earth is the only planet in our solar system that has water.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The ________ is the nearest star to Earth.

Answer 17

Sun

Question 18

What force keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?

Answer 18

Gravitational force

Question 19

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is the largest planet in our solar system? A) Earth B) Jupiter C) Mars

Answer 19

B) Jupiter

Question 20

What is the main component of the Sun’s atmosphere?

Answer 20

Hydrogen

Question 21

True or False: A light year is a measure of time.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is the term for a group of stars that form a recognizable pattern?

Answer 22

Constellation

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The ________ is a region of space that is completely devoid of matter.

Answer 23

Vacuum

Question 24

Multiple Choice: What type of galaxy is the Milky Way? A) Elliptical B) Spiral C) Irregular

Answer 24

B) Spiral

Question 25

What is the process by which stars generate energy?

Answer 25

Nuclear fusion

Question 26

True or False: The Moon is a planet.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

What is the primary reason for the seasons on Earth?

Answer 27

The tilt of the Earth's axis

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The ________ is the region of space outside the Earth's atmosphere.

Answer 28

Exosphere

Question 29

Multiple Choice: Which planet is known for its rings? A) Saturn B) Venus C) Neptune

Answer 29

A) Saturn

Question 30

What is a comet primarily made of?

Answer 30

Ice and dust

Question 31

True or False: Black holes emit light.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

What is the name of the force that causes tides on Earth?

Answer 32

Gravitational pull of the Moon

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The ________ is the fourth planet from the Sun.

Answer 33

Mars

Question 34

Multiple Choice: What is the end stage of a massive star's life cycle? A) White dwarf B) Neutron star C) Black hole

Answer 34

C) Black hole

Question 35

What is the term for the distance light travels in one year?

Answer 35

Light year

Question 36

True or False: The Andromeda Galaxy is the closest galaxy to the Milky Way.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What do we call a star that suddenly increases in brightness?

Answer 37

Supernova

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The ________ is the second planet from the Sun.

Answer 38

Venus

Question 39

Multiple Choice: What is the main component of the Earth's atmosphere? A) Oxygen B) Nitrogen C) Carbon Dioxide

Answer 39

B) Nitrogen

Question 40

What is the significance of the Hubble Space Telescope?

Answer 40

It has provided deep space images and improved our understanding of the universe.