P2 Fall Exam 1: GI

Question 1

allopurinol: brand

Answer 1

Zyloprim

Question 2

allopurinol: class

Answer 2

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor; Antigout

Question 3

allopurinol: FDA indication

Answer 3

Gout; Hyperuricemia, tumor lysis syndrome

Question 4

allopurinol: less common (1-10%) adverse effects

Answer 4

rash, maculopapular eruption, acute attacks of gout with initiation

Question 5

allopurinol: AE, rare but serious (<1%)

Answer 5

agranulocytosis
aplastic anemia
hepatitis
hepatotoxicity
immune hypersensitivity reaction
Renal failure
Steven-Johnson
thrombocytopenia
Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Question 6

allopurinol: efficacy

Answer 6

resolution of gout (pain, stiffness), serum uric acid conc. measured >48 h of therapy

Question 7

allopurinol: toxicity

Answer 7

LFTs, renal function, CBC

Question 8

allopurinol: patient counsel

Answer 8

take after meals
hydrate - to prevent kidney stones
avoid alcohol & caffeine
seek medical attention if, myelosuppression, agranulocytosis, or Steven-Johnson syndrome occur

Question 9

dicyclomine: brand

Answer 9

Bentyl

Question 10

dicyclomine: class

Answer 10

antimuscarinic

Question 11

dicyclomine: FDA indication

Answer 11

irritable bowel syndrome

Question 12

dicyclomine: common AE (>10%)

Answer 12

decreased sweating, xerostomia, blurred vision, dizziness, GI distress - constipation, drowsiness

Question 13

dicyclomine: less common AE (1-10%)

Answer 13

tachycardia, urinary retention

Question 14

dicyclomine: rare but serious AE (<1%)

Answer 14

Psychosis, euphoria, anaphylaxis, drug dependence

Question 15

dicyclomine: efficacy

Answer 15

improved bowel function, decreased flatulence, diarrhea

Question 16

dicyclomine: toxicity

Answer 16

Rapid HR, severe dizziness, unusual thoughts, shortness of breath, or severe rash

Question 17

dicyclomine: patient counsel

Answer 17

-drowsiness / avoid driving/operating equipment
-heat prostration (due to decreased sweating) in hot environment

Question 18

metoclompramide: brand

Answer 18

Reglan

Question 19

metoclopramide: class

Answer 19

dopamine antagonist

Question 20

metoclopramide: FDA indications

Answer 20

diabetics gastroparesis, GERD

Question 21

metoclopramide: common AE (>10%)

Answer 21

Asthenia, somnolence

Question 22

metoclopramide: less common AE (1-10%)

Answer 22

Dizziness, Headache, Visual distrubances

Question 23

metoclopramide: rare but serious (<1%)

Answer 23

Malignant hypertension, Arrhythmias, Galactorrhea, Amenorrhea, Gynecomastia, Impotence secondary to hyperprolactinemia, agranulocytosis, dystonia, Extrapyramidal reactions, Tardive dyskinesia, Hallucinations

Question 24

metoclopramide: efficacy

Answer 24

reduction in nausea and vomiting

Question 25

metoclopramide: toxicity

Answer 25

seek medical attention if, elevated BP, heart palpitation, fluid retention, unusual bruising or bleeding, or involuntary jerking movements

Question 26

metoclopramide: patient counseling

Answer 26

-EMPTY STOMACH, 30 min before meal + bedtime -not for long-term use -oral dispersible tablet: dry hands, tab in mouth, should melt quickly, after melted, swallow/take drink

Question 27

ondansetron: brand

Answer 27

Zofran

Question 28

ondansetron: class

Answer 28

antimetic

Question 29

ondansetron: FDA indication

Answer 29

Chemotherapy-induced NV, Prevention of post-op NV, Radiation-induced NV

Question 30

ondansetron: common AE (>10%)

Answer 30

Constipation, Diarrhea, Headache

Question 31

ondansetron: less common (1-10%)

Answer 31

Xerostomia, Increased LFTs, Dizziness, Fever

Question 32

ondansetron: Rare but Serious AE (<1%)

Answer 32

Arrhythmias, Anaphylaxis, Serotonin syndrome

Question 33

ondansetron: toxicity

Answer 33

Heart palpitations, Shortness of breath, Severe rash

Question 34

Ondansetron: patient counseling

Answer 34

Dry hands before handling disintegrating tablet. Do not open the blister pack until ready to take. Do not push the OD tab through the foil. Place tab in mouth, allow to melt, swallow, drink water.

Question 35

promethazine: brand

Answer 35

Phenergan

Question 36

promethazine: class

Answer 36

Phenothiazine Antihistamine

Question 37

promethazine: FDA indication

Answer 37

Motion sickness, Allergy, NV

Question 38

promethazine: Common AE (>10%)

Answer 38

Somnolence, Xerostomia

Question 39

promethazine: Less common AE (1-10%)

Answer 39

Constipation, Nausea

Question 40

Promethazine: Rare but Serious AE (<1%)

Answer 40

Respiratory depression, Hypotensionm Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Agranulocytosis, Extrapyramidal symptoms, Seizures, Photosensitivity

Question 41

promethazine: toxicity

Answer 41

Mental status, Vital signs

Question 42

promethazine: Patient counsel

Answer 42

Drowsiness + avoid driving and alcohol

Question 43

esomeprazole: brand

Answer 43

Nexium

Question 44

esomeprazole: Common AE (>10%)

Answer 44

Headache

Question 45

esomeprazole: Less common AE (1-10%)

Answer 45

Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Nausea, Flatulence

Question 46

esomeprazole: Rare but Serious AE (<1%)

Answer 46

Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Pancreatitis, Hepatotoxicity, Bone fracture, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute interstitial nephritis

Question 47

esomeprazole: toxicity

Answer 47

severe headache or blistering skin rash

Question 48

esomeprazole: patient counsel

Answer 48

take 1 h before meal

Question 49

omeprazole: Less common AE (1-10%)

Answer 49

Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Headache

Question 50

omeprazole: Rare but Serious AE (<1%)

Answer 50

Toxic epidermal nexrolysis, Clostridium difficile diarrhea, Pancreatitis, Hepatoxicity, Hip fracture, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute interstitial nephritis

Question 51

omeprazole: toxicity

Answer 51

severe headache or blistering skin rash. Seek medical attention for signs of liver failure, elevated LFTs.

Question 52

omeprazole: patient counsel

Answer 52

take 1 hour before meals

Question 53

pantoprazole: brand

Answer 53

Protonix

Question 54

pantoprazole: Less common AE (1-10%)

Answer 54

Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Flatulence, Headache

Question 55

Pantoprazole: Rare but Serious AE (<1%)

Answer 55

Toxic epidermla necrolysis, Steven-Johnson, Thrombocytopenia, Hip fracture, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute interstitial nephritis, cutaneous or systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 56

pantoprazole: toxicity

Answer 56

BMD, serum Mg

Question 57

pantoprazole: Patient counsel

Answer 57

Take w/ or w/o food, but best if taken before meals to reduce acid production. Seek medical care: severe headache or blistering skin rash

Question 58

Famotidine: toxicity

Answer 58

Severe blistering skin rash

Question 59

famotidine: patient counsel

Answer 59

Take at bedtime. May take w/ food or antacids, if needed. shake suspension well before use

Question 60

lansoprazole: Less common AE (1-10%)

Answer 60

Diarrhea, Headache

Question 61

lansoprazole: Rare but Serious AE (<1%)

Answer 61

Steven-Johnson, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute interstitial nephritis, Clostridium difficile diarrhea, Hypomagnesemia

Question 62

lansoprazole: toxicity

Answer 62

seek medical attention if severe headache or blistering skin rash occurs. CBC, LFTS, SCr, serum Mg

Question 63

lansoprazole: patient counsel

Answer 63

Take on an empty stomach 1 h before meals Separate admin from other antacids Caps may be sprinkled on 1 Tbls. of applesauce. More effective if taken regularly than prn