P3 - Energy resources Flashcards
(17 cards)
1
Q
Equation for efficiency?
A
Efficiency = (useful output energy transfer/total input energy transfer)
2
Q
How can a bicycle be made more efficient?
A
- adding some oil to the chains as it acts as a lubricant so reduces the friction
3
Q
How can mechanical devices be made more efficient?
A
- through lubrication to reduce the friction between moving parts of a machine
- increase the amount of useful energy transferred
4
Q
How can efficiency be improved for systems designed to transfer thermal energy?
A
- Can be improved by reducing the wasteful dissipation of thermal energy to the surroundings
- for example by using insulation
5
Q
What are the main energy resources available on Earth?(10)
A
- Fossil fuels
- Nuclear
- Biofuel
- Wind
- Hydroelectricity
- Geothermal
- Tidal
- Wave
- Sun
- Water waves
6
Q
What is renewable energy? Examples
A
- Resource that is replenished as it is used
- Biofuel, wind, hydroelectricity, geothermal, sun, tidal, wave
7
Q
What is non renewable energy, examples?
A
- Resource that is used faster than it can be replenished, it will run out eventually
- Fossil fuels(coal, natural gas, oil), nuclear enery
8
Q
What are the uses for energy resources?
A
- Transport
- Electricity generation
- Heating
9
Q
Wind Energy
USES, SOURCE, A AND D
A
- Uses: generating electricity using wind turbines
- Source: wind turns blades of turbines which turn on the generator
- A: renewable source, cheap to run, no pollution
- D: noise, visual pollution, unreliable(depends on strength of wind), expensive to build
10
Q
Biofuel
USES, SOURCE, A AND D
A
- Used for: generating electricity and transport
- Source: plant materials, e.g biodiesel or bioethanol
- A: renewable, carbon neutral - carbon dioxide released is equal to carbon dioxide absorbed during growth, less reliance on fossil fuels
- D: land that could be used for food, expensive production, deforestation - land for biofuel crops
11
Q
Solar
Uses, Source, A and D
A
- Used for: generating electricity and heating
- Source: sunlight transfers energy to solar cells or solar heating panels
- A: renewable, cheap to run, no pollution, used in remote places
- D: not very efficient, expensive to buy, unreliable - depends on weather
12
Q
Hydroelectric
Uses, Source, A and D
A
- Used for: generating electricity
- Source: water flowing downhill turns generators
- A: low running costs, reliable, switched on when needed
- D: expensive to build dams, damage to habitats, greenhouse gases produced by trapped and rotting vegetation
13
Q
Tidal
Uses, Source, A and D
A
- Used for: generating electricity
- Source: turbines turned by water as tide comes in and out
- A: large amounts of electricity, no pollution, reliable
- D: change marine habitats, dangerous for boats, expensive to build
14
Q
Wave
Uses, Source, A and D
A
- Used for: generating electricity
- Source: floating generators powered by waves moving up and down
- A: low running costs, no fuel costs, no pollution
- D: change marine habitats, dangerous for boats, expensive to build and install
15
Q
Geothermal
Uses, Source, A and D
A
- Used for: generating electricity and heating
- Source: radioactive substances transfer heat energy to surface
- A: low running costs, no fuel costs, no pollution
- D: expensive to set up, only possible in few locations around world
16
Q
Fossil fuels
Uses, Source, A and D
A
- Used for: generating electricity, heating, transport
- Source: extracted from underground
- A: enough available to meet energy demands, reliable, cheap to extract and use
- D: will run out, release CO2, release SO2(acid rain), oil spills kill marine life
17
Q
Nuclear fission
Uses, Source, A and D
A
- Used for: generating electricity
- Source: mining naturally occurring elements e.g uranium
- A: no polluting gases, large amount of energy from small amount, reliable - supply can be controlled
- D: will run out, dangerous radioactive waste produced, expensive to build and run
