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CHEM 123 > P3.1. Amino Acids > Flashcards

P3.1. Amino Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

Amino Acid is an organic compound that contains both an ____ and ____ attached to the ____ carbon atom.

A
  1. AMINO GROUP
  2. CARBOXYL GROUP
  3. SAME
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2
Q

The position of carbon atom is ____.

A

Alpha (a)

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3
Q

-COOH and -NH2 groups were attached at the ____.

A

alpha (a) carbon atom

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4
Q

-R group or the side chain varies in?

there are 7 s s c a f h c

A
  1. size
  2. shape
  3. charge
  4. acidity
  5. functional groups present
  6. hydrogen-binding ability
  7. chemical reactivity
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5
Q

there are ____ amino acids known.

A

> 700

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6
Q

the 20 standard amino acids have common ____.

A

R groups/ side chains

they are the ones who distinguishes what type of amino acid is present.

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7
Q

@ a pH of 7.4:
1. -COOH ____ Hydrogen Ions
2. -NH2 ____ Hydrogen Ions

A
  1. looses
  2. receives
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8
Q
  • they are HYDROPHOBIC [water-fearing] Amino Acids.
  • SUBTYPES: Alkyl, Aromatic
A

Non-Polar Amino Acids

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9
Q

3 AROMATIC Non-polar Amino Acids:

A
  1. Phenylalanine
  2. Tryptophan
  3. Tyrosine
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10
Q

there are ____ out of 20 Non-Polar Amino Acids.

A

8

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11
Q
  • they are HYDROPHILIC [water-loving] Amino Acids.
  • SUBTYPES: Neutral, Acidic, Basic
A

Polar Amino Acids

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12
Q

There is no ____ inside proteins.

A

polarity

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13
Q

R groups are ____.

A

Polar

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14
Q

Three types of Amino Acids:

A
  1. Polar-neutral
  2. Polar acidic
  3. Polar basic
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15
Q
  • contains polar but neutral side chains
  • 6 amino acids belong in this category
  • they can interact w/ water
  • capable of forming hydrogen bonds

they contain HYDROXY AMINE ACIDS due to the alcohol group express in their chains.

A

Polar-Neutral

  • Serine
  • Threonine
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16
Q
  • contain carboxyl group as part of the side chains.
  • 2 amino acids belong to this category
A

Polar Acidic

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17
Q
  • Contain amino group as part of the side chain
  • 3 amino acids belong to this category
  • ionic amino acids
A

Polar Basic

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18
Q

4 Classification of Amino Acids:

A
  1. R group/ Side chain & ring structure present
  2. Reaction in solution or charge
  3. Number of amino or carboxyl groups present
  4. Nutritional Importance
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19
Q

7 components under R group/ Side chain & ring structure present:

A
  1. Aliphatic side chain
  2. Hydroxyl groups
  3. Sulfur atoms
  4. Acidic groups or their amides
  5. Basic groups
  6. Aromatic rings
  7. Imino acids
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20
Q

w/ ALIPHATIC SIDE CHAINS:

A

GLYCINE
ALANINE
VALINE
LEUCINE
ISOLEUCINE

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21
Q

w/ HYRDROXYL GROUPS

A

Serine
Threonine

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22
Q

w/ SULFUR ATOMS

A

Cysteine
Cystine
Methionine

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23
Q

w/ ACIDIC GROUPS/AMIDES

Study These Flashcards
A

Asparagine
Glutamine
Aspartic Acid
Glutamic Acid

24
Q

w/ BASIC GROUPS

Study These Flashcards
A

Histidine
Lysine
Hydroxy Lysine
Arginine

25
w/ AROMATIC RINGS
Phenyalanine Tryptophan Tyrosine
26
w/ IMINO ACIDS
Proline Hydroxy Proline
27
the reaction in solution or charge:
a. **acidic:** aspartic acid & glutamic acid b. **basic:** arginine, lysine & histidine c. neutral
28
the number of amino and carboxyl groups present:
Mono-amino mono-carboxylic acid (Glycine) Mono-amino dicarboxylic acid (Glutamate)
29
Nutritional Importance of Amino Acids:
Essential Amino Acids Non-essential Amino Acids
30
- amino acids that are not synthesized in our bodies. ## Footnote its examples:
Essential Amino Acids ## Footnote methionine arginine tryptophan
31
- amino acids that are synthesized in our bodies.
Non-essential Amino Acids
32
Properties of Amino Acids:
1. Optical Isomerism 2. Acid-base or Charge Properties of Amino Acids
33
- Standard Amino Acid that is not optically active - its **R group is Hydrogen**
Glycine
34
Chiral centers exhibit ____.
**enantiomerism** (left- and right-handed forms)
35
TRUE or FALSE Each of the 19 amino acids exist in left and right handed forms.
TRUE
36
1. preferred form when it comes to AMINO ACIDS 2. preferred from when it comes to CARBOHYDRATES
1. L-isomers/ type 2. D-isomers/ type
37
rules for drawing **Fischer projection formulas** for amino acid structures:
1) -COOH = TOP 2) -R group = BOTTOM 3) -NH2 = LEFT [L-somer] or RIGHT [D-isomer]
38
Three different species in an AMINO ACID solution:
ZWITTERION Positive Ion Negative Ion
39
Equilibrium shifts when there is a change in ____.
pH
40
- pH at which the **net charge is zero** - net charge is zero
Isoelectric point (pI)
41
Different amino acids have ____ isoelectric points.
different
42
At **isoelectric point - amino acids** are ____ towards an applied electric field because their ____.
1. not attracted 2. net charge is zero
43
**Cysteine** is the only amino acid with a ____ group.
SULFHYDRYL GROUP (-SH group)
44
imparts cysteine a chemical property **unique among the standard amino acids**.
sulfhydryl group
45
this amino acid when in the **presence of mild oxidizing agents dimerizes to form a cystine molecule** ## Footnote DIMERIZES: combine with a similar molecule to form a dimer.
Cysteine
46
**Cystine** - **two cysteine residues** linked via a ____.
covalent disulfide bond
47
3 TYPES PEPTIDES:
**Dipeptide**: bond between **two** amino acids **Oligopeptide:** bond between **10 - 20** amino acids **Polypeptide:** bond between **large number** of amino acids
48
Every peptide has an ____-terminal end and a ____-terminal end
1. N 2. C
49
**contain the same amino acids** but present **in different order** are *different molecules* (constitutional isomers) with *different properties*
ISOMERIC PEPTIDES
50
**length of the peptide chains increases...**
**number of isomeric peptides increases [rapidly]...**
51
small peptides that are biochemically active
Hormones Neurotransmitters Antioxidants
52
Best-known peptide hormones
OXYTOCIN VASOPRESSIN
53
Oxytocin and Vasopressin: 1. are produce in? 2. stored in?
1. hypothalamus 2. posterior pituitary gland
54
Hormones are: ____ with **six of the residues** held in the **form of a loop** by a ____ formed between **two cysteine residues**
1. nonapeptide (nine amino acid residues) 2. disulfide bond
55
- are **pentapeptide neurotransmitters** produced by the **brain** and **bind receptor** within the brain - reduces pain.
Enkephalins
56
Best-known enkephalins:
Met-enkephalin Leu-enkephalin ## Footnote Met-enkephalin: Tyr–Gly–Gly–Phe–**Met** Leu-enkephalin: Tyr–Gly–Gly–Phe–**Leu**

CHEM 123 (46 decks)

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