P4 - Atomic Model

Question 1

What is the basic unit of matter?

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

True or False: Atoms can be created or destroyed in chemical reactions.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The nucleus of an atom contains ______ and ______.

Answer 3

protons, neutrons

Question 4

What charge do protons carry?

Answer 4

Positive charge

Question 5

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 5

Negative charge

Question 6

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 6

Mass number - Atomic number

Question 7

What is the atomic number of an element?

Answer 7

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 8

Multiple Choice: Which particle is located in the nucleus of an atom? A) Electron B) Proton C) Neutron D) All of the above

Answer 8

B) Proton and C) Neutron

Question 9

What is an isotope?

Answer 9

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 10

True or False: Electrons have a much larger mass than protons.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The mass of an atom is primarily concentrated in the ______.

Answer 11

nucleus

Question 12

What is the relative atomic mass?

Answer 12

The weighted average mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of carbon-12

Question 13

What determines the chemical properties of an element?

Answer 13

The number and arrangement of electrons

Question 14

Multiple Choice: Which of the following particles has no charge? A) Proton B) Electron C) Neutron D) Both B and C

Answer 14

C) Neutron

Question 15

True or False: The nucleus contains most of the atom’s volume.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The ______ model describes the atom as having a central nucleus surrounded by electrons.

Answer 16

planetary

Question 17

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the second shell of an atom?

Answer 17

8 electrons

Question 18

Multiple Choice: The atomic model proposed by Niels Bohr is known as what? A) Plum Pudding Model B) Quantum Model C) Planetary Model D) Nuclear Model

Answer 18

C) Planetary Model

Question 19

What does the term ‘ion’ refer to?

Answer 19

An atom or molecule that has a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

Question 20

True or False: All isotopes of an element behave identically in chemical reactions.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the significance of the 1/12th of the mass of carbon-12?

Answer 21

It is the standard used to define the atomic mass unit.

Question 22

What is radioactivity?

Answer 22

The process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation.

Question 23

True or False: Alpha particles are negatively charged.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What are the three main types of nuclear radiation?

Answer 24

Alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: Alpha particles consist of ____ protons and ____ neutrons.

Answer 25

2, 2

Question 26

What is the charge of a beta particle?

Answer 26

Negative

Question 27

True or False: Gamma rays have mass.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What is half-life?

Answer 28

The time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay.

Question 29

What type of radiation is most penetrating?

Answer 29

Gamma rays

Question 30

What is the main hazard of alpha radiation?

Answer 30

It is harmful if ingested or inhaled.

Question 31

What instrument is used to detect radiation?

Answer 31

Geiger-Müller counter

Question 32

True or False: Beta radiation can be stopped by a sheet of paper.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What is a radioactive isotope?

Answer 33

An isotope of an element that has an unstable nucleus and emits radiation.

Question 34

Multiple choice: Which particle has the highest mass? A) Alpha B) Beta C) Gamma

Answer 34

A) Alpha

Question 35

What is the effect of radiation on living tissue?

Answer 35

It can cause damage to cells and DNA, potentially leading to cancer.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: Gamma radiation is primarily associated with ____ energy.

Answer 36

High

Question 37

What is meant by the term 'background radiation'?

Answer 37

The low-level radiation that is always present in the environment.

Question 38

True or False: Half-life varies for different radioactive isotopes.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What safety measures can be taken when working with radioactive materials?

Answer 39

Limit exposure time, increase distance, and use shielding.

Question 40

What is a common use of radioactive isotopes in medicine?

Answer 40

Radiotherapy for cancer treatment.

Question 41

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a use of radioactivity? A) Smoke detectors B) Carbon dating C) Cooking food

Answer 41

C) Cooking food

Question 42

What does the term 'decay' refer to in radioactivity?

Answer 42

The process of a radioactive nucleus transforming into a different nucleus.

Question 43

What is the result of alpha decay?

Answer 43

The nucleus loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons, forming a new element.

Question 44

True or False: Radioactive decay is a random process.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

What type of radiation is used in smoke detectors?

Answer 45

Alpha particles

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The unit of radiation dose is the ____.

Answer 46

Sievert

Question 47

What is the primary source of natural background radiation?

Answer 47

Cosmic rays and radon gas.

Question 48

What happens during beta decay?

Answer 48

A neutron is converted into a proton and an electron is emitted.