P4 Physics Top 32

Question 1

What is the overall charge of an atom?

Answer 1

Neutral

Question 2

Briefly explain how the model of an atom has changed over time

Answer 2

Thompson’s plum pudding, Rutherford nuclear model, Chadwick discovered neutrons

Question 3

What happens when an electron in an atom gives out an electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 3

Gamma

Question 4

Who provided evidence to suggest the existence of a neutron?

Answer 4

Chadwick

Question 5

What happens to an atom if it loses one or more of its electrons?

Answer 5

It becomes positive

Question 6

What is the atomic number of an atom?

Answer 6

The amount of protons and electrons

Question 7

What is the mass number of an atom

Answer 7

The amount of protons and neutrons

Question 8

Which number is the same for all atoms of an element?

Answer 8

Atomic number

Question 9

What is an isotope?

Answer 9

An element with the same amount of protons, but different amount of neutrons

Question 11

What is alpha decay?

Answer 11

Alpha particle emitted from radioactive nucleus

Question 12

What is beta decay?

Answer 12

Beta particle limited from radioactive nucleus

Question 13

What is gamma decay?

Answer 13

Electromagnetic wave

Question 14

What are the properties of Alpha radiation?

Answer 14

High ionisation power, few centimetres of range, low penetration power(paper)

Question 15

What are the properties of beta radiation?

Answer 15

Medium ionisation power, few tens of centimetres range, medium penetration(aluminium)

Question 16

What are the properties of gamma radiation?

Answer 16

Low ionising power, infinite range, high penetration power(lead)

Question 17

Define half life

Answer 17

Time taken for half of the radioactive atoms in a radioactive isotope to decay

Question 18

Explain the dangers of a radioactive source with a long half-life

Answer 18

Radioactive for a long time

Question 19

Define radiation dose

Answer 19

Measurement of energy deposited in a material from radiation source

Question 20

What two aspects of your life can affect your radiation dose?

Answer 20

Where you live and where you work

Question 21

What is irradiation?

Answer 21

When an object/person is exposed to ionising radiation

Question 22

What is contamination?

Answer 22

Unwanted presence of something such as radioactive atoms in your body

Question 23

What are the hazards of being a irradiated and contaminated by an alpha source

Answer 23

Contamination rather than irradiation

Question 24

What are the hazards of being a irradiated and contaminated by an Gamma source

Answer 24

Irradiation rather than contamination

Question 25

Give two example, examples of how to protect against contamination

Answer 25

Wear gloves, use tongs

Question 26

Give two examples of how to protect against irradiation

Answer 26

Keep sauce away, barrier

Question 27

Describe some of the risks involved with using radiation

Answer 27

Cause cancer, death

Question 28

Give two ways that radiation is used in medicine

Answer 28

Treat cancer, tracers

Question 29

Define fission

Answer 29

Split a big unstable atom with neutrons

Question 30

Define fusion

Answer 30

Process of small nuclei being joined to make larger nuclei and is converted to energy

Question 31

Describe what a chain reaction is and what happens when it is uncontrolled

Answer 31

Energy increased with time, possible explosion

Question 32

Describe some features of a nuclear fission reactor

Answer 32

Fire rods, reactor, chain reaction, steam turbine, generator