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GCSE Physics > P5 forces > Flashcards

P5 forces Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

A force

A

A push it pull that is applied by one object on another

Measured in newtons (N)

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2
Q

Contact forces

A

The objects are physically touching

Such as a parachute in contact with air

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3
Q

Non contact forces

A

The objects are physically separated

Eg. Attraction/repulsion of charged objects

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4
Q

Scalar quantity

A

Has magnitude

Size only

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5
Q

Vector quantity

A

Has magnitude and direction

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6
Q

Displacement

A

Distance moved and the direction

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7
Q

Speed

A

How fast something is moving

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8
Q

Distance time graphs

A

Gradient=to speed of the object

Speed changes graph is a curve so draw tangent

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9
Q

Acceleration

A

When the velocity of a car is increasing it is accelerating

When the velocity of a car is decreasing it is decelerating

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10
Q

Motion in a circle

A

Car goes round a roundabout
At constant speed direction of movement is changing
Velocity is changing as it is a vector, it is accelerating

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11
Q

Velocity time graphs

A

Shows job the velocity of a moving object changes over time
Will show when accelerating and decelerating
Gradient= rate of chang of velocity or acceleration
Displacement= area under a velocity time graph (distance travelled)

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12
Q

Uniform motion

A

Acceleration is constant

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13
Q

Symbols for describing motion

A 
s= displacement in m
u= initial velocity in m/s
v= final velocity in m/s
a= acceleration in m/s2
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14
Q

Applying equation in vertical motion

A

If no air resistance, gravity give acceleration of appox. 9.8 m/s2 downwards. If ball thrown up it decelerates -9.8 m/s2
When ball falls back it accelerates at +9.8m/s2
Only used when object travels with constant uniform acceleration in a straight line

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15
Q

Mass

A

Amount of substance that is present in an object

Kg

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16
Q

Weight

A

The force acting on that mass,mid it is in a gravitational field
N

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17
Q

Newton’s first law

A

If the resultant force acting on an object is zero it will:
If stationary remain stationary
If moving keep moving at a steady speed in a straight line

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18
Q

The resultant force

A

The combined force

Force by one team - force of other team= combined force

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19
Q

Free body diagram

A

Shows magnitude and direction of the forces acting on an object
Don’t have to draw image of object instead just a circle

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20
Q

Vector diagram

A

Resultant is from point a to point b (gradient)

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21
Q

Newton’s second law

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A

Where F is the resultant force in N, m is the mass in kg and a is the acceleration in m/s2
The resultant force is a single force that has the same effect as all the original forces acting together

22
Q

Inertia

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A

Massive objects that are hard to stop have an inbuilt reluctance to stop or start moving
Natural tendency of objects to resist changes in their velocity

23
Q

Intertial mass

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A

Measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object
Defined by the ratio of force over acceleration

24
Q

Required practical- investigating the acceleration of an object

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A

Looking at how force affects acceleration

The greater the force the greater the acceleration

25
Force pairs
When 2 objects interact A exerts a force on B, there is always another force B exerts a force on A Forces are equal in size but act in opposite directions an on different objects
26
Newton's third law
When 2 objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite
27
Forces in the pair
Same size Act in opposite directions Act on different objects Same type of force
28
Momentum
A moving object has momentum Amount depends on mass and velocity Vector
29
Changes in momentum
Eg. A car stops suddenly. Momentum becomes 0 The larger the force applied to the car, the quicker its momentum becomes zero Calculate by using F= m(v-u)/t
30
Crumple zones
Increase the time between first impact and the car stopping | The rate of change of momentum is smaller, reducing the force on the cars occupant
31
Conservation of momentum
The total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision m1u2 + m2u2= (m1+m2)v
32
Reaction time
The time it takes for the driver to react when o a stimulus
33
Thinking distance
The distance travelled during the reaction | It is the distance travelled between the driver seeing a danger and taking action to avoid it, such as braking
34
Braking distance
Is the distance travelled before a car stops after the brakes have been applied It increases as the speed of the car increases
35
Stopping distance
Thinking distance + braking distance
36
Reaction time and thinking distance increase when
Tired Under the influence of drugs or alcohol Distracted or lacks concentration
37
Braking distance may increase when
Road is wet or icy Car has poor brakes or bald tyres The speed of the car is greater
38
To estimate the force needed to stop a vehicle
Calculate deceleration and find force from F=ma Calculate how much kinetic energy must be transferred away from the car and equate this to the work done by the braking force
39
Moment
``` Turning effect Newton metre (Nm) The point of moment acts around is called the pivot ```
40
Centre of mass
The weight of the object can be considered to act at a single point
41
Lever
Used to moment of a force. | If a force pushing down in greater than the load it turns in a clockwise direction
42
Gears
are used for transmitting the rotational effect of a force from one part of a machine to another. If the gears are the same size they will rotate at the same speed
43
Pressure in fluids
Causes a force normal to (at right angles to) any surface | Acts nine all directions
44
Pressure at different depths in a liquid
The deeper you are the greater the pressure. There is a greater weight of water above you
45
Sink or float
If the density of the solid material is greater than the density of the liquid it will sink. As weight is greater than up thrust.
46
Atmospheric pressure
The air exerts pressure. Force acts normal to any surface. The higher you go the less pressure As there is is less air above you. The greater the density of the air, the moe weight of air above a surface means more collisions in a given space= pressure
47
Elastic deformation
Occurs when spring can returns back to original length when forces are removed
48
Inelastic deformation
A spring that is permanently altered
49
Elastic potential energy
Amount of work done =elastic potential energy
50
Required practical: investigate the relationship between force and the extension of a spring
Force and extension are directly proportional until spring becomes deformed and graph starts to curve

GCSE Physics (9 decks)

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