P7 Radioactivity

Question 1

What is a isotope?

Answer 1

Different forms of each element

It has a different amount of protons but the SAME amount of protons

Question 2

How safe are isotopes?

Answer 2

Each element has about 2 stable form of isotopes

The rest tend to decay into other elements and give out radiation as they try and become more stable. This is known as radioactive decay

Question 3

What is radioactive decay?

Answer 3

The prosses of which atoms give out radiation to get rid of exces energy to become more stable

Question 4

What are the 3 types of ionising radiation?

Answer 4

Alpha

Bata

Gama

(Ther are more)

Question 5

Where does the radiation come from?

Answer 5

The nucleus

Question 6

What could a atom do whilst decaying?

Answer 6

Give out 1 or more types of radiation

Release a nuetron to rebalnce the number of protons and neutrons

Question 7

What does ionising radiation make an atom do?

Answer 7

Get rid of an electron (making it into a positive ion)

Give out ionising radiation

Question 8

What is ionising power?

Answer 8

How easily an atom can get rid of an electron through ionising radiation

Question 9

What is alpha radiation?

Answer 9

When an alpha particle is emitted from the nucleus

2 protons and 2 neutrons

Question 10

How far do alpha radiation penentrat?

What will stop it?

Answer 10

Not far. They can only travel through a few cm of air and is absorbed by a piece of paper

Question 11

How strong/weak is alpha radiation’s ionising power?

Answer 11

Very strong due to it’s size

It is the strongest

Question 12

What is the name of 2 protons and 2 neutrons?

Answer 12

Helium nuclei

Question 13

What is Beta radiation?

Answer 13

Fast moving electrons released by the nucleus

Question 14

What is the mass of a Beta particle?

Answer 14

Virtually no mass

Question 15

What is the charge of a Beta Particle?

Answer 15

-1

Question 16

What is the charge of a Alpha particle?

Answer 16

+2

Question 17

What is the relative mass or an alpha particle?

Answer 17

4

Question 18

What is the mass of a Beta particle?

Answer 18

1/1836

Question 19

What is the ionising power of Beta particles?

Answer 19

Moderate

Question 20

What is the penentration power of a Beta particle?

Answer 20

Moderate

They will travel about a few meters in air but will be absorbed by a sheet of aluminium (around 5mm)

Question 21

What happens when a Beta particle is emmited from the nucleus?

Answer 21

A nuetron turns into a nucleus

Question 22

What type of waves are gama?

Answer 22

Electromagnetic waves

Question 23

What is the penentration power of a Gamma radiation?

Answer 23

Extremly high

It will travel long distances through air and will be absorbed by thick sheets of lead or layers of concreate

Question 24

What is the ionising power of Gamma radiation?

Answer 24

Low/weak as they tend to no collide with other particles but when they do collode they do damage

Question 25

What is the mass of a Gamma ray?

Answer 25

0

Question 26

What is the charge of a Gamma rays?

Answer 26

0

Question 27

What happens to the atomic number in α radiation

Answer 27

It will decrease by 2

Question 28

What happens to the atomic mass in α radiation

Answer 28

It decreased by 4

Question 29

What is the alpha radiation equastsion?

Answer 29

a a-4 4 X = Y + He b b-2 2

Question 30

Explain the alpha radiation equasion?

Answer 30

Because alpha radiation emitts 2 protons and 2 neutrons the atomic number goes down by 2 as it looses 2 protons and the atomic mass goes down by 4 as it is loosing the mass of 2 neutrons and 2 protons

Question 31

How does beta (e) radiation effect the atomic number

Answer 31

Increases by 1

Question 32

How does beta (e) radiation effect the atomic number?

Answer 32

No effect

Question 33

Why does the atomic number increase by 1 in beta radiation?

Answer 33

When the electron leaves a neutron is turned into a proton

Question 34

What is the beta radiation equasion?

Answer 34

a a 0 X = Y + e b b+1 -1

Question 35

How does gamma radiation efefct the atomic number and the mas number?

Answer 35

No change

Question 36

What does gamma radiation do?

Answer 36

Get rid of excess energy from the nucleus

Question 37

What is the rate of radiation?

Answer 37

It is random

Question 38

How is radiation measured? What units?

Answer 38

With a GM tube Count-rate OR Becquelrels (Bq)

Question 39

What is the half life?

Answer 39

The amount of time it takes for half the atoms to decay in an radioative substance It can also be the amount of time it takes for activity to half

Question 40

What is activity?

Answer 40

The number of unstable nuclei that decay every second

Question 41

What would you expect to happen to the activity of an atom as time increases?

Answer 41

To decrease as there will be less unstable atoms

Question 42

What will the activity never equal to?

Answer 42

0

Question 43

Solve: Tye initial activity is 640Bq. Calcuate it's final activity after 2 half lives?

Answer 43

640/2=320 320/2=160 160/640=0.25X100=25% 25%

Question 44

How can you measure half time with a graph?

Answer 44

You go to the activity axis of the graph and half the top value. Then use a ruler to find out what the time value is. That is it's half life

Question 45

If something has a mass of 10g and a half life of 8 days what will the mass be after 8 days?

Answer 45

10/2=5 5g

Question 46

More advanced maths questions on goodnotes.

Answer 46

Science - Phycics - Module 2 - P7 Radiation - P7 workbook