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physics > p7- radioactivity > Flashcards

p7- radioactivity Flashcards

1
Q

ion

A

charged atom

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2
Q

alpha particles are strongly ionising. true or false?

A

true

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3
Q

what is the mass of a neutron?

A

1

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4
Q

what is the charge of a neutron?

A

0

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5
Q

what is a beta particles mass?

A

1/1800 amu (virtually 0)

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6
Q

how ionising are beta particles?

A

moderately

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7
Q

what will happen if an element with an atomic number of 14 and an atomic mass of 6 hits a beta particle?

A

it will end up with an atomic number of 14 and an atomic mass of 7

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8
Q

what is a beta particle absorbed by?

A

a few mm of aluminium

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9
Q

what is a beta particles range in air?

A

a few metres

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10
Q

what is the mass of an electron?

A

0.0005

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11
Q

what is the charge of an electron?

A

-1

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12
Q

what will happen if a gamma ray hits an element?

A

nothing

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13
Q

what is a neutron?

A

uncharged particles

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14
Q

how ionising are gamma rays?

A

weak

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15
Q

what is a gamma particle?

A

electromagnetic waves emitted from unstable nuclei in radioactive substances

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16
Q

what is an electron?

A

a negatively charged particle that move around the nucleus of an atom

17
Q

what is a beta particle?

A

a high energy electron created in emitted from unstable nuclei

18
Q

what is an alpha particle?

A

a particle compounded of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, emitted from unstable nuclei

19
Q

can gamma rays be fully absorbed?

A

no

20
Q

how far can gamma rays travel?

A

virtually forever

21
Q

what happens if isotopes are unstable?

A

they will decay into other elements and give out radiation to try and become stable (aka radioactive decay)

22
Q

what is half life?

A

average time taken for half of the radioactive atoms to decay
or
average time taken for count rate of original substance to fall by half

23
Q

how far can alpha particles travel into the air?

A

a few cm

24
Q

what is an isotope?

A

atoms with equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons

25
Q

what is ionisation?

A

positive charging atoms
or the electron leaving the atom

26
Q

what will happen if an element with an atomic number of 226 and an atomic mass of 88 hits an alpha particle?

A

it will end up with an atomic number of 222 and an atomic mass of 86

27
Q

how do i measure activity?

A

geiger-müller tube, it clicks every time it detects radiation

28
Q

what is an alpha particle absorbed by?

A

paper

29
Q

what is an alpha particles mass?

A

4 amu

30
Q

what is the mass of a proton?

A

1

31
Q

what is the charge of a proton

A

+1

32
Q

what is activity?

A

the number of unstable atoms that decay per second in a radioactive source

physics (7 decks)

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