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From Flashcardlet > PA A&P Head & Neck > Flashcards

PA A&P Head & Neck Flashcards

0
Q

What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?

A

hard palate

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1
Q

What extends from the opening of the nostrils in front to the choanae behind which open into the nasopharnyx?

A

the nasal cavity

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2
Q

What structures make up the nasal septum?

A
  1. perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
  2. vomer
  3. nasal septal cartilage
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3
Q

T/F the lateral nasal wall is even and complicated

A

FALSE (uneven and complicated)

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4
Q

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A
  • cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

- sphenoid bone

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5
Q

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

maxilla

palatine bone

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6
Q

What are the purpose of the concha within the nasal cavity?

A

the concha create turbulent flow of air to warm and moisten the air before flowing into the trachea

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7
Q

What do sinuses empty into?

A

the superior and middle meatuses and the sphenoethmoidal recess

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8
Q

What is the hiatus semilunaris?

A

a deep, narrow groove in the lateral wall of the middle meatus that receives openings from the maxillary, frontal, and anterior ethmoidal sinuses.

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9
Q

Which sinus empties into the spheno-ethmoidal recess?

A

sphenoid sinus

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10
Q

Which sinus empties into the superior meatus?

A

posterior ethmoidal sinsuses

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11
Q

What drains into the inferior meatus?

A

nasolacrimal duct

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12
Q

Which foramen do most vessel and nerves enter the nasal cavity through?

A

the sphenopalatine foramen

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13
Q

The major arterial blood supply of the nasal cavity comes from…

A
  1. anterior ethmoidal artery

2. sphenopalatine artery

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14
Q

The blood supplied by the anterior ethmoidal system is derived from…

A

the internal carotid artery

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15
Q

The blood supplied by the sphenopalatine system is derived from…

A

the external carotid artery

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16
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the nose?

A

Trigeminal Nerve (opthalmic and Maxillary divisions)

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17
Q

T/F: The face differs from most regions of the body in not having a deep investing fascia

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Which muscle in the neck is superficial to deep investing cervical fasica?

A

Platysma

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19
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial Nerve (CN 7)

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20
Q

Where does facial nerve exit the skull?

A

through the stylomastoid foramen

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21
Q

What structure joins the frontal belly and occipital belly of occiptofrontalis?

A

Gala aponeurotica (aka epicranial aponeurosis)

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22
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A
  1. skin
  2. connective tissue
  3. aponeurosis
  4. loose connective tissue
  5. pericranium
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23
Q

Within the scalp, arteries, veins, and cutaneous nerves are help firmly in place in the…

A

dense subcutaneous connective tissue layer

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24
Q

The loose connective tissue layer of the scalp contains …

A

branches of emissary veins

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25
Q

Emissary veins pass through cranial bones and communicate with…

A

dural venous sinuses.

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26
Q

if there is an infection in the loose connective tissue of the scalp, how can it spread through the skull to intracranial structures with potentially grave consequences?

A

via emissary veins.

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27
Q

Which extrinsic muscle of the tongue is a bulky, fan-shaped muscle that arises rom the superior mental spine of the mandible?

A

Genioglossus

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28
Q

What is the action of genioglossus?

A

it causes the tongue to protrude upon contraction

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29
Q

What are the attachments of hyoglossus?

A

from the hyoid bone to the base of the tongue

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30
Q

Which nerve travels across the superficial surface of the hyoglossus muscle?

A

Hyglossal Nerve (CN12)

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31
Q

What artery passes deep to hyoglossus?

A

lingual artery

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32
Q

Which extrinsic muscle of the tongue arises on the styloid process and inserts into the side and inferior aspect of the tongue?

A

Styloglossus

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33
Q

What are the attachment of palatoglossus?

A

it runs between the soft palate and the posteriolateral side of the tongue

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34
Q

What is the major action of palatoglossus?

A

to depress the soft palate

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35
Q

All the extrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve except…

A

Palatoglossus (innervated by vagus)

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36
Q

Which salivary gland is the smallest and most deeply situated?

A

sublingual

37
Q

Where is sublingual gland located?

A

in the floor of the mouth between the mandible and genioglossus

38
Q

_____ small ducts from the sublingual gland open into the floor of the mouth

A

10-12

39
Q

Which salivary gland occupies most of the space of the digastric triangle?

A

submandibular gland

40
Q

Which salivary gland is posterior to and overlies the ramus of the mandible?

A

parotid gland

41
Q

Which nerve ramifies within the parotid gland?

A

Facial N. (CN7)

42
Q

Which basic form of teeth are used for cutting?

A

incisors

43
Q

Which basic form of teeth are used for piercing or tearing?

A

canines

44
Q

Which basic form of teeth are used or grinding?

A

molar and premolar

45
Q

What are the 2 generations of teeth?

A
  1. deciduous: until a/b 6 yrs old., 10 teeth in each jaw

2. permanent: 16 teeth in each jaw

46
Q

Which two bones are teeth attached to?

A
  1. maxilla

2. mandible

47
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

synovial joint

48
Q

T/F: the articular disc, which is fibrous, divides the TMJ into 3 separate compartments.

A

FALSE (2 separate compartments)

49
Q

The capsule and disc of the TMJ are attachment points of which muscle of mastication?

A

lateral pterygoid

50
Q

What are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • Anterior - posterior surface of the maxillary bones
  • Superior - inferior surface of greater wing of sphenoid
  • medial - lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
  • lateral - ramus of mandible
51
Q

What is the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A
  1. medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
  2. maxillary artery
  3. pterygoid artery
  4. mandibular nerve (V3 of trigeminal nerve which enters through foramen ovale)
  5. chorda tympani nerve
52
Q

What are the actions of the TMJ?

A

depression and protrusion

53
Q

Which muscle of mastication arises from the zygomatic arch and extends inferiorly to insert on almost the entire lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible?

A

Masseter

54
Q

Which muscle of mastication is a large fan-shaped muscle that arises from the temporal fossa on the side of the skul?

A

Temporalis

55
Q

Which muscle of mastication runs deep to the zygomatic arch and inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible?

A

Temporalis

56
Q

Which arteries and nerves supply the Temporalis muscle?

A
  • Deep temporal arteries from the maxillary artery

- deep temporal nerves from the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

57
Q

Which arteries and nerves supply the Masseter muscle?

A
  • The masseteric artery from the maxillary artery

- the masseteric nerve from the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

58
Q

T/F: Lateral pterygoid arises by 2 heads deep in the supratemporal fossa.

A

FALSE (infratemporal fossa)

59
Q

Where do the heads of the lateral pterygoid arise from?

A

a small head arises from the inferior surface of the sphenoid bone while the larger head arises from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

60
Q

Where does the medial pterygoid arise from?

A

from the medial face of the lateral pterygoid plate

61
Q

How do the muscle fibers of the medial pterygoid run?

A

run inferiorly, posteriorly, and laterally to insert on the inner side of the ramus of the mandible down to the angle of the mandible.

62
Q

Which artery and nerve supply the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles?

A
  • Branches of the maxillary artery

- mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

63
Q

Which muscles of mastication form a sling on the mandible, attaching to it on both its deep and superficial sides?

A

Medial pterygoid and the Masseter

64
Q

Which muscle(s) of mastication cause depression of the mandible opening the mouth?

A

Lateral pterygoid

65
Q

Which muscle(s) of mastication cause elevation of the mandible?

A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Medial pterygoid
66
Q

Which muscle(s) of mastication causes protrusion of the mandible?

A

lateral pterygoid

67
Q

Which muscle(s) of mastication cause retraction of the mandible?

A

Temporalis

68
Q

The maxillary artery courses medially into the infratemporal fossa and sends branches to…

A
  • Upper and lower jaw
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Cheek
  • Meninges and bones of skull
  • Nose (via sphenopalatine)
  • Palate (via sphenopalatine)
69
Q

The maxillary artery ends as which artery?

A

sphenopalatine artery

70
Q

Which branches of the Maxillary artery supplies the muscles of mastication?

A
  1. Deep temporal arteries
  2. Masseteric branch
  3. Pterygoid branch
71
Q

Which branch of the maxillary artery runs inferiorly to enter the mandibular foramen?

A

Inferior alveolar artery

72
Q

Which artery courses anteriorly and enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

infraorbital artery

73
Q

Which artery leaves the pterygopalatine fossa inferiorly through the greater palatine canal?

A

descending palatine artery

74
Q

Which artery supplies much of the lateral wall of the nose and continues across the roof of the nose to supply the posterior part of the nasal septum?

A

sphenopalatine artery

75
Q

Which artery is the main source of blood to meninges and the bones of the cranial vault?

A

Middle meningeal artery

76
Q

T/F: The middle meningeal artery supplies the brain

A

FALSE (the brain is supplied by the internal carotid artery and vertebral artery)

77
Q

an area where the frontal, parietal, squamous part of temporal and greater wing of sphenoid articulate

A

the pterion

78
Q

if there is a skull fracture at the pterion, which artery is likely to be damaged?

A

middle meningeal artery

79
Q

T/F: There are no lymph nodes in the scalp, and except for the parotid/buccal region, there are no lymph nodes in the face.

A

TRUE

80
Q

Where does lymph from the scalp, face, and neck drain into?

A

the superficial ring of lymph nodes located at the junction of the head and neck

81
Q

All lymphatic vessels from the head and neck drain directly or indirectly into which lymph nodes?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

82
Q

Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes located?

A

along the IJV in the neck

83
Q

T/F: lymph from the lateral part of the face and scalp, including the eyelids, drains to the superficial submandibular lymph nodes.

A

FALSE (parotid lymph nodes)

84
Q

Where does lymph from the upper lip and lateral parts of the lower lips drain to?

A

submandibular lymph nodes

85
Q

Lymph from the chin and central part of the lower lip drain to which lymph nodes?

A

submental lymph nodes

86
Q

Where does lymph from the root of the tongue drain to?

A

superior deep cervical lymph nodes

87
Q

Lymph from the medial part of the body of the tongue drains bilaterally and directly to the…

A

inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

88
Q

Lymph from the right and left lateral parts of the body of the tongue drains to the….

A

submandibular lymph nodes on the ipsilateral side

89
Q

The apex and frenulum of the tongue drain to the …

A

submental lymph nodes, the medial portion draining bilaterally

From Flashcardlet (9 decks)

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