pack

Question 1

What do parenchyma consist of?

Answer 1

Parenchyma:
Consisting of organized plates of hepatocytes

Question 2

What are CT stroma:

Answer 2

Continuous with the fibrous capsule of Glisson

Question 3

What are Sinusoidal capillaries (sinusoids):

Answer 3

The vascular channels between the plates
of hepatocytes

Question 4

What are Perisinusoidal spaces (spaces of Disse):

Answer 4

Lie between the sinusoidal endothelium
and the hepatocyte

Question 5

What is in the center of the classical hepatic venule?

Answer 5

Central vein

Question 6

What is at the corners of the classic lobule of the liver?

Answer 6

Portal areas: Made up of loose connective tissue with portal triads

Question 7

The connective tissue that makes up the portal areas is continous with what layer?

Answer 7

With the capsule glisson

Question 8

What is the periportal space (Space of mall)?

Answer 8

At the edges of the portal canal, between the CT stroma and the hepatocytes, is a small space called the periportal space (space of Mall)

Question 9

What is the limiting plate what is it formed by?

Answer 9

It is formed by the joining of hepatocytes and it acts as a door for the vessels of the portal triad

Question 10

Where do the hepatic sinusoids emerge from and where do they converge?

Answer 10

They emerge from the branches of the portal vein and hepatic artery and converge at the central vein

Question 11

What happens to the blood from the hepatic artery and portal vein in the sinusoids?

Answer 11

The blood from the hepatic artery and portal vein mix in the sinusoids

Question 12

What two cells do hepatic sinusoids contain?

Answer 12

Contain 2 types of cells, flattened endothelial cells and Kupffer cells
Anastomosing, lined with a thin discontinuous endothelium

Question 13

How do kupffer cells look like?

Answer 13

Question 14

Where does the perisinusoidal space lie?

Answer 14

Between the basal surface of the sinusoids with the kupffer cells and the basal surface of the hepatocytes

Question 15

What type of projections project onto the perisinusoidal space?

Answer 15

Microvilli from the basal surface of the hepatocyte

Question 16

What is the function of the perisinusoidal space?

Answer 16

Pathway for liver secretions other than the bile

Question 17

What type of collagen fibers does the space of disse contain?

Answer 17

Mostly Type III but some type I and type IV

Question 18

What is another name for the hepatic stellate cell?

Answer 18

Ito cell

Question 19

What are the functions of the hepatic stellate cell?

Answer 19

Storage of vitamin A

Become myofibroblasts after liver cell injury

Main fibrogenic cell type in liver injury

Question 20

Where are hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells) present?

Answer 20

In the perisinusoidal space of disse

Question 21

What is the function of canaliculi?

Answer 21

Bile is synthesized by hepatocytes and secreted into the canalculi

Question 22

How does bile flow?

Answer 22

In the direction from the central vein to the portal canals (opposite to blood flow)

Question 23

What and where do bile canalculis transform into?

Answer 23

They transform into canals of hering just before reaching the portal canal

Question 24

What type of epithelium lines the bile canals of hering and what type of cells exist in the epithelium?

Answer 24

Cuboidal epithelial cells and cholagiocytes

Question 25

What do the bile canals of hering join?

Answer 25

They join the bile ductules and drain into the billary tree

Question 26

What is the biliary tract (tree)?

Answer 26

It is a system of channels that increase in diameter. (Canaliculi, bile canals of hering, bile ductules, and bile ducts)

Question 27

What is the difference in the type of epithelium present in the biliary tree as the channels increase in diameter?

Answer 27

Small bile ductules are lined by small cholangiocytes, cuboidal in shape, as the diameter of the bile duct increases, they become columnar in shape

Question 27

What is the periportal space (of mall)?

Answer 27

It is the space between the last hepatocyte (limiting plate) and the portal canal

Question 28

How is the structural integrety of the liver maintained?

Answer 28

By a meshwork of reticulin fibers made of type III colagen They are found in the pericanlcular space of disse

Question 29

What are the three ways to describe the functional unit of the liver?

Answer 29

Question 30

What is at the axis of the portal lobule?

Answer 30

The interlobular bile duct

Question 31

What do the lines of the portal lobule represent?

Answer 31

The flow of the bile

Question 32

What is the liver acinus?

Answer 32

it is lozenge-shaped and represents the smallest functional unit of the hepatic parenchyma

Question 33

What is the short axis of the liver acinus?

Answer 33

It is a line drawn from one portal triad to another that is in between two classical lobules

Question 34

What is the long axis of the liver acinus?

Answer 34

It is a horizontal line drawn from the portal triad of one lobule to the other

Question 35

What are three zones of the liver acinus?

Answer 35

Zone 1: is closest to the short axis and the blood supply from penetrating branches of the portal vein and hepatic artery This zone corresponds to the periphery of the classic lobules. Zone 3: is farthest from the short axis and closest to the terminal hepatic vein (central vein). Corresponds to the most central part of the classic lobule that surrounds the terminal hepatic vein Zone 2: Lies between zones 1 and 3 but has no sharp boundaries.

Question 36

What does the mucosa of the gall bladder lack?

Answer 36

It lacks a submucosa and a muscularis mucosa

Question 37

What is the deep diverticula of the mucosa of the gall bladder

Answer 37

Rokitansky-aschoff sinuses