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Exposures ll (mine) > Packet Review on Generator > Flashcards

Packet Review on Generator Flashcards

1
Q

all parts or circuit elements are connected in a continuous line ( a single electrical path)

A

series circuit

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2
Q

its current is able to flow beyond its continuous line ( or more than one pathway)

A

parallel circuit

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3
Q

any breaks causes the circuit to fail and stop working

A

series circuit

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4
Q

constant voltage decrease current

A

parallel circuit

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4
Q

a break still allows for the circuit to function

A

parallel circuit

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5
Q

constant current decrease voltage what kind of circuit

A

series circuit

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6
Q

add up all numbers

A

series circuit

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7
Q

find lowest number and cut it by a half

A

parallel circuit

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8
Q

What happens when more resistances are added to the parallel circuit

A

total resistance drops, amperage increases and total voltage remains unchanged

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9
Q

adding resistance in a parallel circuit

A

increases circuit temperature

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10
Q

the force given to each particle to move
- the force that pushes electrons through circuit

A

voltage

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11
Q

the flow of electrons in an electrical circuit

A

current

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12
Q

-amount of opposition to current
-measured in ohms
- based upon current type
-conductance (DC)
- Admittance (AC)

A

Resistance

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13
Q

electrons flow in a rapid back and forth changing direction
- transformers operate on this current
- direction is alternating
x-ray systems use this current

A

alternating current (AC)

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14
Q

an electrical components that inhibits the flow of current through a circuit
- measured in ohm’s
- designed to reduce current flow through a circuit
- decreases voltage

A

resistors

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15
Q

measure electrical current
- also referred to as intensity

A

amperage

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16
Q

allows for electrons to flow in one direction
- cathode to anode
- x-ray tube uses this current

A

direct current (DC)

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17
Q

x-ray tube uses what type of current

A

direct current

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18
Q

step up/ step down transformers use what type of current

A

alternating current (AC)

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19
Q

works by self- induction
- origin for voltage or kilovoltage
- has only one single coil
- KVP selection
- can be both step up or step down
- always present in coils supplied with alternating current

A

autotransformer

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20
Q

where is the autotransformer located

A

primary side

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21
Q

makes small changes to voltage
- works by self induction
- can be step up/ step down

A

autotransformer

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22
Q

converts alternating current to direct current
- converted by rectifiers ( most common is the solid state diode)
- comes in as AC
- goes out as DC
- allows electrons to flow in only 1 direction

A

rectification or rectifiers

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23
Q

where is the rectifier located

A

located between step up transformer and x-ray tube

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24
solid states design acts like a one way gate
rectifier
25
What are considered mutual induction
step up transformer step down transformer
26
change the voltage (polarity) in an electrical current - they can increase or decrease voltage
transformers
27
the current will increase or decrease depending on number of turns/ windings on each side - the side with more turns has higher voltage
tep up vs. step down transformer
28
increase voltage while also decreasing amperage - changes volts to kilovolts - more secondary turns - high voltage section of x-ray system requires
step up transformer
29
where is the step up generator located
is in the primary side going to secondary side
30
decrease voltage increase amperage - changes amps to miliamps - mA selector - creates heat needed for thermonic emission - fewer coils - more primary turns
step down transformer
30
where is your step down transformer located
in the filament
31
voltage and ampere have what kind of relationship for step up/ step down
inversely proportional
32
polarity of voltage rapidly changes back and forth - dropping past zero
unrectified
33
the resistance of the particles to flow within a circuit
ohm's
34
decrease of electrical potential along the path of current flowing in a circuit
voltage drop
35
electrons flowing in the revers direction are blocked - staying above zero
rectified
36
which side has low voltage
primary side
36
which side has a high amperage or mA
filament
37
which side has the highest voltage
secondary side
37
where is the x-ray tube located
in the secondary side
38
where is the rectifier located
in the secondary side
39
a unit of measure of the degree of resistance between two points of a conductor within a circuit
ohm's
39
number of distinct wave cycles
phase
39
where is the step up transformer located
in the secondary side
40
number of voltage pulses per cycle
pulse
41
number of pulses
frequency
41
fluctuation in voltage output of generator - the net voltage produced during full wave rectification
voltage ripple
42
transformers have three parts:
iron core primary coil (electricity in) secondary coil (electricity out)
43
which rectification is described : the gap between pulses has no electron flow ( no x-ray creation) and the other wave is blocked
half wave rectification
44
which rectification is described : all electrons flow in the same direction back flowing electrons are not blocked (their polarity is changed so they flow in the same direction) no gaps between pulses, but wave drops to 0
full wave rectification
45
sets mA to be sent to filament - controls filament heat/current for thermonic emission - variable resistor
Rheostat mA selector
46
Where is the step down transformer located
filament
46
where is the cathode filament located
filament
47
where is the Rheostat and mA selector located?
filamet
47
- mutual induction - more turns on primary side - requires alternating current decrease voltage increase amperage - more amps to filament mean more heat to make more electrons by thermonic emission
step down transformer
48
-changes AC to DC - polarity changes - wave rectificaation electrons move in one direction
rectifier diode
48
- wall outlet - 220v
main power supply
49
protects circuit from power surgery or short circuits
circuit breaker
50
-self induction - single coil - step up and step down -makes small changes - KVP selectors - needs alternating current
auto transformer
50
voltage induced in secondary coil directly related to number of turns in primary coil
turns ratio
50
current induced in secondary coil is inversely related to voltage and number of turns in primary coil
turns ratio
51
voltage and ampere have what type of relationship in step up, step down
inversely proportional
51
number of secondary turns- to the number of primary turns
turns ratio
52
number of turns on secondary side divided by numbers turns on primary side
turns ratio
52
measured in volts (V) - easy to read and convert to kilovolt (Kv)
KVP meter
52
can be controlled by time settings or AEC
exposure timer
53
- mutual induction - more turns on secondary side - makes large changes (V to KV) - needs alternating current AC - part of primary and secondary circuit
step up transformer
53
where is the main power supply located
primary side
54
where is the circuit breaker located
primary side
54
where is the auto transformer located
primary side
54
where is the KVP meter located
primary side
55
where is the exposure meter located
primary side
55
what is ohm's formula
V=IR v=voltage I=current R=resistance
55
xray tube energy is converted to:
mechanical to electrical
56
what waves are least efficient to most efficient
-half wave -full wave -3phase, 6 pulse -3phase, 12 pulse - high frequency
57
how much voltage ripple loss is in 3 phase 12 pulse
4 percent
57
how much loss is in 3 phase 6 pulse voltage ripple
13 percent
57
how much loss is in half and full wave voltage ripple
100 percent
57
how much voltage ripple in high frequency
1 percent
57
voltage induced in secondary coil directly related to number of turns in secondary coil
transformer law
57
what is the most common and most efficient transformer type
shell type
57
transformer types
Air Core Open Core Closed Core Shell type
57
three divisions for basic xray circuit
Low voltage circuit High tension circuit Filament circuit
57
primitive form of current rectification Performed by x-ray tube which acts as a diode device in the circuit X-ray tube not designed to be a diode rectifier Produces a DC waveform that is 50% of full-wave rectification Very inefficient x-ray production and damaging to tube
self rectification
57
Produces a DC waveform similar to self-rectification Employs single rectifier in circuit Protects x-ray tube from acting as a diode rectifier o Protection is marginal Inefficient x-ray production Utilized in very inexpensive x-ray units o Veterinary o Podiatric
Half-Wave Rectification
57
Takes advantage of both phases of alternating current * Provides only DC to x-ray tube * Uses at least four rectifiers in a bridge rectification circuit * Most efficient form of current for x-ray production o All modern equipment is full-wave rectified
Full-Wave Rectification
57
what is the turns ratio
N(secondary) / N(primary)
58
An electrical component that inhibits the flow of current through a circuit designed to reduce current flow through a circuit decreases voltage
resistors
58
unrectified - 1 pulse 1 phase 1 distinct wave form
form single phase
58
one distinct waveform - half rectified - 100% voltage ripple - drops all the way to zero
single phase half way rectified
58
3 separate waves make the current - full rectified 6 useful pulses - 13% voltage ripple
3 phase 6 pulse full wave rectified
58
3 separate waves - full rectified 12 useful pulses - 4% voltage ripple
3 phase 12 pulse full wave rectified
58
thousands of pulses per wave cycle - 1% voltage ripple - barely drops in voltage more efficient for producing x-rays
high frequency
58
suppresses the negative portion
half wavee rectified
58
converts the negative cycle to positive portion
full wave rectification
58
use layers of iron to form ferromagnetic core
closed core
58
uses a central iron core
shell type
58
connected in series - measures current flow
ammeter
59
connected in parallel - measured potential difference between two points in circuit
voltmeter
59
coils turn at same rate as armature supplying current
synchronous motor
59
asynchronous - variable speed
induction motor
59
commutator rings
DC motors
59
slip rings
AC motors
60
electrical storage
capacitor
60
have 95% efficiency
transformer
61
accumulates and stores electrical charge - charged with DC voltage
capacitors
61
unit of capacitance
farad
61
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61
The total amount of energy in a circuit
p= iv
62
The total resistance of a series circuit is measured in ohms,
add up all numbers
62
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63
where is grounding located
in secondary side
63
Electrical process of liberating electrons from a wire filament * Filament is heated to very high temperature, due to its resistance o Filament is typically tungsten * “Boiling off” electrons create an electron cloud around filament * Principle of an incandescent light bulb * Very important to x-ray tube design
thermionic emission
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Exposures ll (mine) (9 decks)

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