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Exposures ll (mine) > Chapter 2: Radiation Concepts > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Radiation Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What type of science is physical science?

A

nonliving matter

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2
Q

What is an example of physical science?

A

physics

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3
Q

What is an example of biological science?

A

living matter

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4
Q

What is an example of biological science?

A

anatomy and physiology

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5
Q

What has mass and occupies space?

A

Matter

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6
Q

What is considered the ability to do work?

A

Energy

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6
Q

is emitted energy that is transmitted through matter

A

radiation

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7
Q

Energy is measured in what?

A

joule (J)

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8
Q

injection of an electron

A

ionization

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9
Q

What type of energy is energy in motion?

A

kinetic energy

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9
Q

What type of energy is the energy that is stored in an object due to its seitary object?

A

potential energy

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10
Q

What does the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy state?

A

matter and energy can’t be created nor destroy but it can be transferred

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11
Q

gravitational force of how much something weighs
- grams or kilograms

A

weight

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11
Q

smallest particle of an element

A

atom

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11
Q

smallest part of a compound

A

molecule

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12
Q

combining two different things or more

A

compound

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13
Q

can’t be broken down any more.
- small as it can go

A

simple substance

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13
Q

combining different things into each other

A

mixture

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14
Q

smartest muscle

A

rectal muscle sphincter

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14
Q

smallest particle of a compound possessing characteristics of the compound
- consists of two or more atoms that are chemically united
- held together by chemical bonds

A

molecules

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15
Q

body is made of how much percent of water

A

80% of water

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16
Q

matter can be

A

a solid, liquid, and a gas

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16
Q

dependent upon varying degrees of molecular attraction
- largely due to temperature

A

matter

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17
Q

What is the Bohr model like
- miniature solar system

A

nucleus in the center and electrons orbiting around

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18
Q

voltage = current x ressistance

A

ohm’s law

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19
Q

What is the atomic number for lead (Pb)?

A

82

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20
Q

What is the atomic number for aluminum (Al)?

A

13

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21
Q

What is the atomic number for Barium (Ba)?

A

56

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22
Q

What is the atomic number for iodide (I)

A

53

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23
Q

What is the atomic number for Tungsten (W)?

A

74

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24
Q

what both have a mass of 1

A

proton and neutron

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25
Q

what has a very small mass of almost zero

A

electrons

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26
Q

maintained through equal number of protons and electrons

A

electrical stability

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27
Q

distinguishes elements by number of protons contained in nucleus

A

atomic number

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27
Q

when changing atomic number what else do you change

A

you are changing the element

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28
Q

What charge is proton?

A

positive charge
mass number of 1

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29
Q
A
30
Q

What charge is electron?

A

negative charge
mass of zero

31
Q

What charge is neutron?

A

neutral charge
mass number of 1

32
Q

what can’t be divided

A

electrons

33
Q

protons and neutrons are made up of what

A

quarks

34
Q

links quantum physics and relativity
- currently five spring theories

A

M theory ( string theory)

35
Q

changing the number of neutrons or electrons does not change what

A

does not change the element

35
Q

changing the number of neutrons changes what

A

changes atomic mass only

36
Q

only when you change the proton it changes what

A

changes the element

37
Q

change in electron number does not change the element

A

as number of protons remains unaffected

38
Q

adding or removal of electron from atom
- changes charges between atoms

A

ionization

39
Q

what are short term effect of ionization?

A

radiation treatment, redness, hair loss for couple days

40
Q

what are long term effect of ionization?

A

still monitoring, 10 + years later

41
Q

ionization of atoms causes disruptions to what

A

in body’s metabolic relationships

42
Q

exposing patient to ionization requires what

A

requires order from a licensed practitioner

43
Q

what is the atomic mass

A

mass of proton and neutron more than electrons

44
Q

consist of total protons and neutrons
- neglects mass of atom’s electrons

A

atomic mass number

45
Q

defines location where electrons might be at any given time in atom

A

orbital

46
Q

What is the order for orbital shells

A

K, L, M, N, O, P, Q

46
Q

is considered the highest binding energy shell

A

K-shell

47
Q

what is the formula for electron capacity

A

2n to the second power 2n ^2

48
Q

what does the n of 2n^2 indicate

A

n indicates the orbit shell #

49
Q

individual energy of a single photon

A

Kev

50
Q

the whole energy of a photon
range 0 to 80

A

KVP

51
Q

chemical behavior determined by valence band

A

outermost shell

52
Q

when an atom gives up an electron what happens to it charge

A

it has a positive charge

53
Q

when an atom gains an electron what happens to its charge

A

it has a negative charge

54
Q

atom never has more than eight electrons in outer shell

A

octet rule

55
Q

atoms with eight electrons in outer shell are considered what

A

chemically stable

56
Q

known as noble gases

A

helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn)

56
Q

ability to do work

A

energy

57
Q

equation for work

A

work= force x distance

58
Q

force acting up on object over distance expends energy and is considered work

A

energy

59
Q

action of physical movement

A

mechanical energy

60
Q
A
61
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

61
Q

also known as thermal energy
- results from movement of molecules
- temperature measures thermal energy

A

heat energy

61
Q

energy released from chemical reaction

A

chemical energy

62
Q

x-rays are how much percent of heat and x-rays?

A

99 % of heat and 1% of x-rays

63
Q

results from movement of electrons in conductor

A

electrical energy

63
Q

obtained by breaking bonds between particles (nucleons) within nucleus

A

nuclear energy

64
Q

increase wavelength

A

decrease frequency

64
Q

combination of electric and magnetic fields traveling through space

A

electromagnetic energy

64
Q

cyles per second or how many are happening with a certain time period

A

frequency (V)

64
Q

considered angstrom

A

wavelength

65
Q

formula for velocity

A

velocity= frequency x wavelength

65
Q

high frequency

A

high energy EM radiation

66
Q

photon energy and frequency are

A

directly related

66
Q

who discovered x-rays?

A

Wilhelm Conrad RontgenWhat

67
Q

year id

A
68
Q

first x-ray was

A

Rontgen wife’s hand

68
Q

What year did Rontgen receive the first Nobel prize winner for physics

A

1901

69
Q

x-ray beam is considered what

A

polyenergetic or heterogeneous

70
Q

What are some x-ray properties?

A
  • travel in straight lines
  • travel at speed of light
  • can ionize matter
  • cause fluorescence in certain crystals
  • cannot be focused by lens
  • produce secondary and scatter radiation

Exposures ll (mine) (9 decks)

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