Chapter 2: Radiation Concepts

Question 1

What type of science is physical science?

Answer 1

nonliving matter

Question 2

What is an example of physical science?

Answer 2

physics

Question 3

What is an example of biological science?

Answer 3

living matter

Question 4

What is an example of biological science?

Answer 4

anatomy and physiology

Question 5

What has mass and occupies space?

Answer 5

Matter

Question 6

What is considered the ability to do work?

Answer 6

Energy

Question 6

is emitted energy that is transmitted through matter

Answer 6

radiation

Question 7

Energy is measured in what?

Answer 7

joule (J)

Question 8

injection of an electron

Answer 8

ionization

Question 9

What type of energy is energy in motion?

Answer 9

kinetic energy

Question 9

What type of energy is the energy that is stored in an object due to its seitary object?

Answer 9

potential energy

Question 10

What does the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy state?

Answer 10

matter and energy can’t be created nor destroy but it can be transferred

Question 11

gravitational force of how much something weighs
- grams or kilograms

Answer 11

weight

Question 11

smallest particle of an element

Answer 11

atom

Question 11

smallest part of a compound

Answer 11

molecule

Question 12

combining two different things or more

Answer 12

compound

Question 13

can’t be broken down any more.
- small as it can go

Answer 13

simple substance

Question 13

combining different things into each other

Answer 13

mixture

Question 14

smartest muscle

Answer 14

rectal muscle sphincter

Question 14

smallest particle of a compound possessing characteristics of the compound
- consists of two or more atoms that are chemically united
- held together by chemical bonds

Answer 14

molecules

Question 15

body is made of how much percent of water

Answer 15

80% of water

Question 16

matter can be

Answer 16

a solid, liquid, and a gas

Question 16

dependent upon varying degrees of molecular attraction
- largely due to temperature

Answer 16

matter

Question 17

What is the Bohr model like
- miniature solar system

Answer 17

nucleus in the center and electrons orbiting around

Question 18

voltage = current x ressistance

Answer 18

ohm's law

Question 19

What is the atomic number for lead (Pb)?

Answer 19

82

Question 20

What is the atomic number for aluminum (Al)?

Answer 20

13

Question 21

What is the atomic number for Barium (Ba)?

Answer 21

56

Question 22

What is the atomic number for iodide (I)

Answer 22

53

Question 23

What is the atomic number for Tungsten (W)?

Answer 23

74

Question 24

what both have a mass of 1

Answer 24

proton and neutron

Question 25

what has a very small mass of almost zero

Answer 25

electrons

Question 26

maintained through equal number of protons and electrons

Answer 26

electrical stability

Question 27

distinguishes elements by number of protons contained in nucleus

Answer 27

atomic number

Question 27

when changing atomic number what else do you change

Answer 27

you are changing the element

Question 28

What charge is proton?

Answer 28

positive charge mass number of 1

Question 30

What charge is electron?

Answer 30

negative charge mass of zero

Question 31

What charge is neutron?

Answer 31

neutral charge mass number of 1

Question 32

what can't be divided

Answer 32

electrons

Question 33

protons and neutrons are made up of what

Answer 33

quarks

Question 34

links quantum physics and relativity - currently five spring theories

Answer 34

M theory ( string theory)

Question 35

changing the number of neutrons or electrons does not change what

Answer 35

does not change the element

Question 35

changing the number of neutrons changes what

Answer 35

changes atomic mass only

Question 36

only when you change the proton it changes what

Answer 36

changes the element

Question 37

change in electron number does not change the element

Answer 37

as number of protons remains unaffected

Question 38

adding or removal of electron from atom - changes charges between atoms

Answer 38

ionization

Question 39

what are short term effect of ionization?

Answer 39

radiation treatment, redness, hair loss for couple days

Question 40

what are long term effect of ionization?

Answer 40

still monitoring, 10 + years later

Question 41

ionization of atoms causes disruptions to what

Answer 41

in body's metabolic relationships

Question 42

exposing patient to ionization requires what

Answer 42

requires order from a licensed practitioner

Question 43

what is the atomic mass

Answer 43

mass of proton and neutron more than electrons

Question 44

consist of total protons and neutrons - neglects mass of atom's electrons

Answer 44

atomic mass number

Question 45

defines location where electrons might be at any given time in atom

Answer 45

orbital

Question 46

What is the order for orbital shells

Answer 46

K, L, M, N, O, P, Q

Question 46

is considered the highest binding energy shell

Answer 46

K-shell

Question 47

what is the formula for electron capacity

Answer 47

2n to the second power 2n ^2

Question 48

what does the n of 2n^2 indicate

Answer 48

n indicates the orbit shell #

Question 49

individual energy of a single photon

Answer 49

Kev

Question 50

the whole energy of a photon range 0 to 80

Answer 50

KVP

Question 51

chemical behavior determined by valence band

Answer 51

outermost shell

Question 52

when an atom gives up an electron what happens to it charge

Answer 52

it has a positive charge

Question 53

when an atom gains an electron what happens to its charge

Answer 53

it has a negative charge

Question 54

atom never has more than eight electrons in outer shell

Answer 54

octet rule

Question 55

atoms with eight electrons in outer shell are considered what

Answer 55

chemically stable

Question 56

known as noble gases

Answer 56

helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn)

Question 56

ability to do work

Answer 56

energy

Question 57

equation for work

Answer 57

work= force x distance

Question 58

force acting up on object over distance expends energy and is considered work

Answer 58

energy

Question 59

action of physical movement

Answer 59

mechanical energy

Question 60

energy because of position -

Question 61

energy of motion

Answer 61

kinetic energy

Question 61

also known as thermal energy - results from movement of molecules - temperature measures thermal energy

Answer 61

heat energy

Question 61

energy released from chemical reaction

Answer 61

chemical energy

Question 62

x-rays are how much percent of heat and x-rays?

Answer 62

99 % of heat and 1% of x-rays

Question 63

results from movement of electrons in conductor

Answer 63

electrical energy

Question 63

obtained by breaking bonds between particles (nucleons) within nucleus

Answer 63

nuclear energy

Question 64

increase wavelength

Answer 64

decrease frequency

Question 64

combination of electric and magnetic fields traveling through space

Answer 64

electromagnetic energy

Question 64

cyles per second or how many are happening with a certain time period

Answer 64

frequency (V)

Question 64

considered angstrom

Answer 64

wavelength

Question 65

formula for velocity

Answer 65

velocity= frequency x wavelength

Question 65

high frequency

Answer 65

high energy EM radiation

Question 66

photon energy and frequency are

Answer 66

directly related

Question 66

who discovered x-rays?

Answer 66

Wilhelm Conrad RontgenWhat

Question 67

year id

Question 68

first x-ray was

Answer 68

Rontgen wife's hand

Question 68

What year did Rontgen receive the first Nobel prize winner for physics

Answer 68

1901

Question 69

x-ray beam is considered what

Answer 69

polyenergetic or heterogeneous

Question 70

What are some x-ray properties?

Answer 70

- travel in straight lines - travel at speed of light - can ionize matter - cause fluorescence in certain crystals - cannot be focused by lens - produce secondary and scatter radiation