Paediatric ENT Flashcards
(22 cards)
Indications for tonsillectomy
recurrent tonsillitis
obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
What causes tonsillitis?
viral, bacterial
many are strep pyogenes
Management of tonsillectomy
conservative
? antibiotics
tonsillectomy
What is quinsy?
peritonsillar abscess
can cause deviated uvula
What are adenoids?
collection of lymphoid tissue
unencapsulated
Adenoids function
immunological - part of waldeyer’s ring
Adenoidectomy indications
recurrent adenoiditis (?causing ear infections)
obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (removed alongside tonsils)
What is Waldeyer’s ring?
interrupted circle of protective lymphoid tissue at the upper ends of the respiratory and alimentary tracts
What are the components of Waldeyer’s ring?
pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)
tubal tonsil x2
palatine tonsil x2
lingual tonsil
What is a grommet?
a grommet is a ring inserted into a hole to maintain it’s patency and prevent it closing
What can cause air bubbles underneath the tympanic membrane?
glue ear and blown nose
introduces air up eustachian tube
What causes pus behind and bulging of eardrum?
acute otitis media
Grommets indications
recurrent acute otitis media
persistent otitis media with effusion (glue ear) - generally used when hearing affected
How do grommets work?
they ventilate the middle ear
Alternatives to grommets
hearing aids
prophylactic abx for 3mo
What is choanal atresia?
back of nose doesn’t form normally
Teratomas contain cells from which embryological lines?
all 3
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
What is a cholesteatoma?
an abnormal collection of skin cells deep inside your ear
rare but, if left untreated, can damage the delicate structures inside your ear that are essential for hearing and balance
can erode bones in middle ear
Cholesteatoma treatment
surgery
mastoidectomy
What is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss?
meningitis
Viral/Parasitic causes of hearing loss
TORCH
Toxoplasmosis
Other (syphilis, HIV)
Rubella
CMV
Herpes
Deafness treatment options
hearing aids
cochlear implantation
