Vertigo Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is vertigo?
the illusion of movement
What parts of the body help maintain balance?
eyes
brain
inner ear
joints/muscles (proprioception)
How is nystagmus direction described?
follows the quick phase - whichever way the quick phase beats is the direction
Dizzy patient history specific questions
onset (first episode)
precipitating factors (eg. neck movements)
associated symptoms (eg. deafness, tinnitus)
frequency
duration
PMH
What causes rotational vertigo?
acute vestibular disorder
What causes positional vertigo?
BPPV
migraine
What causes unsteadiness?
bilateral vestibular dysfunction
neurological disorder (eg. polyneuropathy, cerebellar disorder)
What causes non-specific dizziness?
orthostatic hypertension
drug toxicity
psychogenic
What triggers BPPV?
changes of head position
What is caloric testing?
assesses movement in ear at different temperatures
looks for nystagmus: (COWS) = physiological
- Cold Opposite
- Warm Same
Ototoxic drugs
loop diuretics
gentamicin (aminoglycoside)
What is another name for vestibular neuritis?
labyrinthitis
How long does the vertigo last in BPPV?
seconds
How long does vertigo last in Menieres?
hours
Associated symptoms of Menieres?
fluctuating hearing loss
tinnitus
How long does vertigo last in vestibular neuritis?
lasting days
normal hearing
What does the Epley manoeuvre do?
canalolith repositioning
Non-surgical treatment of Menieres
dietary modifications
diuretics
vestibular suppressants
vasodilators
aminoglycoside therapy
intratympanic steroids
Surgical management of Menieres
endolymphatic sac surgery
selective vestibular nerve section
labyrinthectomy
General medical causes of vertigo
anaemia
hyperviscosity
postural hypotension
carotid sinus syndrome
dysrhythmia
mechanical dysfunction
hypoglycaemia
hyperventilation
Neurological causes of vertigo
epilepsy
migraine
syncope
psychogenic
MS
ischaemia
infective disorders
tumours
foramen magnum abnormalities
Otological causes of vertigo
Menieres disease
post-traumatic syndrome
positional nystagmus
vestibular neuronitis
infection
otosclerosis
Pagets disease
vascular accidents
tumours
autoimmune disorders
drug intoxication
