Paediatric Tutorials Flashcards
What is the MCDAS scale?
A system for assessing childrens anxiety, on a scale of 1(comfortable) to 5 (not comfortable).
What are the eight questions asked on an MCDAS questionaire?
How do you feel about…
…going to the dentist?
…having your teeth looked at?
… having your teeth scraped?
…having an injection in the gum?
…having a filling?
…having a tooth taken out?
…going to sleep for treatment?
…having gas and air?
What is cleft lip and palate?
Splits in the upper lip, roof of the mouth, or both. These result from syndromes caused by genetic defects.
Why does cleft lip and palate pose a problem for a childs oral health?
- issues with crowding
- Food traps
- Lack of bone
- Supernumary teeth
- Hypodontia, hyperdontia
- Microdontia, macrodontia
- Enamel defects
How should you ask about whether social work for a child?
If not brought in by parent, ask if they have a social worker - which everyone is asked now.
What is enamel hypoplasia?
The tooth mineral has not formed correctly, resulting in a lack of quality tooth substance.
What can cause enamel hypoplasia?
Genertic disorders such as amelogenisis imperfecta.
Environmental disruptions during natal/neonatal development.
What is enamel hypomineralisation?
A lack of the amount of mineral available to form enamel, commonly affecting molars and incisors.
What treatment options are there for enamel defects?
Restorative - composite/indirect
Resin infiltration
Abrasion
Preventative resin restorations (PRR)
What are the potential risks/symptoms of enamel defects?
Sensitivity/pain
Aesthetic impact
Higher risk of caries
What surgeries may a cleft lip/palate patient require?
Plastic surgery to repair cleft
Rhinoplasty
Orthognathic surgery
Bone grafting
What is meant by the term post eruptive breakdown?
Breakdown of tooth material after eruption has begun.
Which teeth should be fissure sealed?
Fissures of molars and premolars
Also consider pits of anterior teeth
Consider dens en dentate
How does enamel hypoplasia present?
Pitted or scored teeth.
How does enamel hypomineralisation present?
Mottled/patchy teeth.
What aspects make up a caries risk assessment?
Previous history of caries
Area of disadvantage
DMF teeth
Quality of OH
Dietary habbit
Why might articaine be indicated in patients with MIH teeth?
MIH are historically more difficult to anaesthetise, so articiane may be indicated over lidocaine.
What is type I diabetes?
Insulin deficient diabetes insipidus.
Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin, so glucose cannot get into cells and, and remains in blood.
How can type I diabetes affect dental health?
Higher risk of perio
Poor wound healing
Increased ulcer prevalence
Hypoglycaemia during treatment.
What blood glucose level is indicative of hypoglycaemia?
<4mmol/L glucose
How can insulin be delivered?
Typically by injection
Insulin pump can also be used
What are the categories of heart defects?
Obstructive defects:
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Biscuspid valve defect
- Subaortic stenosis
- Coartation of the aorta
Septal defects:
- Atrial septal defect
- Ventricular septal defect
What syndromes are commonly associated with heart defects?
Down’s
Turner
Williams
Noonan
What is the incidence of congenital heart defect?
1% of infants.
