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PA YEAR 2 > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

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1
Q

Initial presentation of chickenpox

A

pyrexia (fever)
headache
malaise
abdo pain

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2
Q

Chicken pox lifecycle presentation

A

1) papule
2) vesicle
3) pustule
4) crust

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3
Q

Why are NSAIDS avoided with chickenpox

A

Risk of Strep A and Staph A infections

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4
Q

Order of symptoms of measels

A

1) prodrome of fever
2)malaise
3) loss of appetite
4) conjunctivitis, cough, coryza
5) Koplik spots (blue-white spots on inside of mouth opp molars)
6) rash develops (face then trunk and extremities)

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5
Q

What is neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)

A

Assoc with preterm neonates
When baby lungs not fully developed,

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6
Q

What does it mean when baby is ‘grunting’

A

increased breathing, it is a red flag

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7
Q

what are the two most prevalent SBI (serious bacterial infection)

A

UTI and pneumonia

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8
Q

What is tuberous sclerosis?

A

Autosomal dominant genetic condition that affects multiple organ systems in the body.
Signs &symptoms:
- seizures
-irregular heart rate
-skin ash leaf spots
-angiofibromas (small red bumps around nose cheeks)

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9
Q

what antibiotics work for p.aeruginosa

A

ciprofloxacin and gentamicin

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10
Q

What is Henoch Schonlein

A

A type of vasculitis commonly triggered by URTI or gastroenteritis.

Purpuric non blanching rash on buttocks and limbs

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11
Q

What is Meckels diverticulum

A

most common congenital anomaly of GI tracts.
-abdo pain, GI bleed, bowel obstruction

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12
Q

What is Perthe’s Disease

A

Self limiting hip disorder, 4-8 year olds, antalgic gait, all movement of hips are limited.

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13
Q

‘cat eye reflex’

A

absent red reflex, sign of cataracts or retinoblastoma

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14
Q

what is Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

a genetic condition which affects the muscles, causing muscle weakness, starts in early childhood,

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15
Q

4 features which make up tetralogy of fallot

A

PROVe
P- pulmonary stenosis
R- right ventricular hypertrophy
O- overriding aorta
V- ventricular septal defect

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16
Q

Meningitis in children < 3 months tx

A

give IV amoxicillin + cefotaxime

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17
Q

Hand, foot and mouth disease caused by

A

Coxsackie virus

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18
Q

Undescended testicles are associated with an increased risk of ……..(3 answers)

A

infertility, torsion and testicular cancer

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19
Q

A child with whooping cough should be excluded from school for

A

48 hours after commencing abx

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20
Q
  • Edward’s syndrome
A

A baby is born with micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker bottom feet and overlapping of fingers

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21
Q

Acute epiglottitis is caused by

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B

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22
Q

All breech babies at or after ….. weeks gestation require USS for DDH screening at 6 weeks regardless of mode of delivery

A

36

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23
Q

Marfans syndrome is a …….. genetic disorder

A

autosomal dominant

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24
Q

what are infantile spasm

A

episodes of repetitve movements that last a few seconds with symmetrical contractions of neck, trunk, extremeties

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25
score system for newborn
APGAR
26
red flags
skincolour: blue resp: grunting, rr>60, chest indrawing circulation: skin turgor other: temp >38 in 0-3months non blanching rash bulging fontanelle neck stiffness focal seizures
27
projectile vomiting
pyloric stenosis
28
pyloric stenosis investigation
serum k+ ultrasound
29
pyloric stenosis tx
fluid replacement pyloromyotomy
30
electrolyte inablances in pyloric stenosis
hypokalaemia (k+) hypochloraemia (HCl)
31
double bubble sign on xray
duodenal atresia or malrotation and volvulus
32
what is transoesophageal fistula
oesophagus connected with trachea
33
no gastric bubble on x-ray
oesphageal atresia
34
single bubblw on xray
gastric atresia
35
intussusception
telescoping of one segment of bowel into another
36
intussusception pc
red current jelly stool palpable sausage shaped mass abdo distention bilous vomiting
37
intussusception ultrasound scan
doughnut sign
38
intussusception tx
electrolyte and fluid correction air enema open surgery
39
meckel's diverticulum rules
2 rule: 2-3yrs old 2 inches long 2 feet away from ileo-caecal valve
40
meckel's diverticulum pc
mostly asymptomatic painless rectal bleeding if obstruction: vomiting and abdo pain
41
meckel's diverticulum iv and tx
iv: radioisotop scan , laparotomy tx: surgical resecction
42
umbilical herinia tx
asymtomatic <4yrs = reassure asymptomtic >4yrs = refer to paeds surgeon symptomicatin heria= urgent referral to paeds surgeon
43
inguinal hernia tx
refer all to 2ndry care older children: refer routine symptomatic: emergency referral
44
scarlet fever caused by
streptococcus pyogens
45
scarlet fever tx
penicillin for 10 days or azithromycin for 10 days
46
scarlet fever pc
sandpaper rash strawberry tounge swollen lymph nodes sore throat
47
cystic fibrosis is a
autosomal recessive disease
48
cystic fibrosis tx
chest physiotherapy bronchodilators hypertonic saline to reduce viscosity of mucus pancreatic enzyme replacement due to pancreatic insufficiency
49
heel prick test performed at....... and screen for 3 important disease
5 days 3 C's: sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, congential hypothyroidism
50
NIPE done within
72 hours of birth and again 6-8weeks later
51
congential hypothyroidism
high TSH low t4
52
henoch-schonlein purpura pc
PAAN: P: Purpura A: Arthralgia A: abdominal pain N: nephropathy
53
differnece between primary and 2ndry noctunal enuresis
primary: child never achieved consistent nightime dryness 2ndry: child who has been dry for at least 6 months
54
rapid control for bedwetting
desmopressin oralor sublingual
55
what is meconium aspiration syndrome
respiratory distress shortly after birth with radiological evidence of aspiration pneumonitis
56
step by step process for any infant in resp distress
1) take blood gas and o2 sats 2)next most approriat eaction 3) cxr 4) other iv (blood culture)
57
jaundice present at birth or within 24hrs
pathological and needs further iv likely haemolytic (rhesus/ABO incompatibility/G6PD) or sepsis
58
jaundice starting 24hrs to 2 weeks
likely physiological
59
jaundice beyond 2 weeks
urgent paeds assessment for further iv
60
Billary atresia pc
normally 3-4 weeks in life jaundice with pale stools and dark urine hepatomegaly splenomegaly (mostly conjugated bilirubin)
61
tca overdose causes
hyperkalemia
62
nephrotic syndrome investigation
urine analysis
63
most common pc of Hodgkin's lymhoma
painless, firm lympahdenopathy
64
neonate with purulent discharge with swelling of eyelid OR injected conjunctiva
Must be referred to secondary care urgently
65
in consitiutional delay growth what iv should you do
take an x-ray of left wrist to find bone age
66
scarlet fever caused by
streptococcus pyogens
67
impetigo caused by
staphylococcus aureus
68
rubella caused by
rubella virus
69
roseola caused by
HHV6
70
chickenpox caused by
varicella zoster virus
71
measles caused by
morbillivirus (paramyxovirus)
72
mumps caused by
paramyxovirus
73
erthema infectiosum
parvovirus B19
74
Hand foot and mouth caused by
cosackie virus and enetrovirus
75
what is vesicoureteric reflux (VUR)
the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the uterus and kidneys
76
vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) tx
low dose abx prophylaxis (trimethoprim)
77
von willebrand disease
prolonged APTT Platelet = normal prothrombin time= normal
78
infantile spasm pc
symmetrical contractions of neck, trunk, and extremeties extension 6months of age
79
wolf parkinson white syndrome ECG
delta waves pre-excitation pattern prolonged QRS shortened PR
80
define simple seizure
<15mins, generalised tonic/clonic
81
define complex seizure
>15mins or focal
82
define febrile status epilepticus
>30 min without complete recovery
83
roseola memory tool
3 roses: - roseloa - commonly under 3yrs - fever lasts for 3 days - rash after fever lasts 3 days - 3+3= HHV6
84
rubella rash starts
starts behind the ears
85
what does buldging fontenelle mean?
raised intercrainal pressure
86
scarlet fever features
sandpaper rash, strawberry tounge, sore throat fever, swollen
87
kawasaki disease symptoms
high dose Aspirin, IV immunoglobulins, echocardiogram

PA YEAR 2 (8 decks)

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