Paeds Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
What is the order of Laxatives you should give in kids? (3 things)
A
- Movicol
- Stimulant (Senna)
- Osmotic (lactulose)
2
Q
When should males have corrective surgery for Hypospadius?
A
@ 12 months
3
Q
What are INNOCENT murmurs that may be heard in kids? (3 things)
A
- Ejection murmurs
- Venous hums
- StiLL’s murmur (Low pitched @ LL sternal edge)
4
Q
What condition is it when a child has partial seizures at night?
A
Benign Rolandic Epilepsy
5
Q
What is the Medical Tx for ADHD?
A
Methylphenidate (stimulant)
6
Q
What should you monitor when you give Methylphenidate for ADHD?
A
Weight + Height every 6 months
(bc can cause LOA + Growth impairment)
7
Q
What is the Dx when a child has perianal itching?
A
Threadworms (Enterobius vermicularis)
8
Q
What do you need to be aware of with Threadworms (Enterobius vermicularis)?
A
Can possibly be affecting whole household so prescribe meds for everyone
9
Q
What is the Meds Tx for Threadworms (Enterobius vermicularis)?
A
Mebendazole (single dose)
10
Q
What are the causes of Snoring in children? (5 things)
A
- Downs
- Nasal problems (e.g nasal turbinates)
- Recurrent tonsillitis
- Hypothyroidism
- Obesity
11
Q
What abx should you give for Meningitis UNDER 3 months? (2 things)
A
- IV amoxicillin
- IV cefotaxime
12
Q
What abx should you give for Meningitis OVER 3 months?
A
IV cefotaxime
13
Q
What developmental problem can Breech presentation lead to?
A
Hip dysplasia
14
Q
What are the RF for developmental hip dysplasia? (2 things)
A
- Breech
- Female (6x)
15
Q
How should you investigate developmental hip dysplasia?
A
US hip
16
Q
What is the Mx for developmental hip dysplasia? (3 things)
A
- Most will self fix by 3-6 wks
- 4-5 months old: Pavlik harness (dynamic flexion-abduction orthosis)
- Older kids: Surgery
17
Q
What are the CF of GORD in babies?
A
Vomiting after being laid flat after being breastfed
18
Q
What is the Mx of GORD in babies?
A
Keep baby upright after breastfeeding
19
Q
What is the Dx when you can hear bowel sounds in a Resp exam of a neonate (in resp distress)?
A
Diaphragmatic hernia
20
Q
Why do some kids get Rickets, esp refugee kids?
A
Bc inexposure to sun light vit D
21
Q
What are the CF of Rickets? (4 things)
A
- Forehead bossing
- Kyphoscoliosis of spine
- Widening of joints
- Bowing of legs
22
Q
What should you sus if a girl has short stature and Primary amenorrhea (aka no menarche)?
A
Turners syndrome
23
Q
What are the stages of diagnosing CF at birth? (2 steps)
A
- Routine heel prick test @ day 5: raised IRT
- Sent for sweat test: raised = CF
24
Q
How long should you refer before referring a undescended testicle?
A
3 months
25
What system is the most common cause of cardiac arrests in kids?
Resp (e.g bronchiolitis)
26
What is the Dx of a kid who has a persistent cough (worse @ night), which is assoc w vomiting?
Whooping cough
27
What are the Mx options for Whooping cough? (3 things)
1. Azithromycin (or others Macs) (if cough onset within last 21 days)
2. Abx prophylaxis for household
3. Stay off from school for 2 days after starting Abx
28
What is Roseola infantum aka?
Sixth disease
29
What are the CF of Roseola? (2 things)
1. High grade fever (for few days) which resolves then..
2. Maculopapular rash (trunk --> limbs)
30
Do kids with Roseola infantum need to stay off school?
No
31
What are the only 3 CYANOTIC congenital HD? (3 things)
1. TOF
2. Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
3. Tricuspid atresia
32
What is the initial Mx of Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)?
Prostaglandins
(keeps PDA open so allows L-R shunting)
33
Apart from salbutamol, what should all kids having an asthma attack be given?
Steroids (oral prednisolone)
34
If a child has hip pain, what should you exclude with an XR?
Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis (SUFE) (medical emergency)
35
Why is a Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis (SUFE) a medical emergency?
Risk of AVN
36
What is the Mx of Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis (SUFE) (medical emergency)?
Internal fixation
37
What are the CF of Chickenpox? (3 things)
Fever (initially)
Itchy rash (head / trunk --> limbs) (Macular --> Papular --> Vesicular)
Systemic upset (usually mild)
38
What are the CF of Measles? (3 things)
1. Before inf: Fever / Conjunctivitis / Irritable
2. Koplik spots (white salty spots in mouth)
3. Rash (behind ears --> body) (Maculopapular --> blotchy)
39
What are the CF of Measles? (3 things)
1. Before inf: Fever / Conjunctivitis / Irritable
2. Koplik spots (white salty spots in mouth)
3. Rash (behind ears --> body) (Maculopapular --> blotchy)
40
What are the CF of Measles? (3 things)
1. Before inf: Fever / Conjunctivitis / Irritable
2. Koplik spots (white salty spots in mouth)
3. Rash (behind ears --> body) (Maculopapular --> blotchy)
41
What are the CF of Mumps? (3 things)
1. Fever
2. Muscle pain
3. Parotitis (earache / pain @ eating) (unilateral --> bilateral)
42
What are the CF of Rubella? (2 things)
1. Rash (face --> body) (pink maculopapular) (fades by 3-5 days)
2. Lymphadenopathy (behind ears n suboccipital)
43
What are the Erythema Infectiosum (aka 5th disease) of Rubella? (4 things)
1. Headache
2. Fever
3. Lethargy
4. Slapped cheek rash (cheek --> arms)
44
What organism is Erythema Infectiosum (aka 5th disease) caused by?
Parvovirus B19
45
What are the CF of Kawasaki disease? (3 things)
1. High grade fever (5+ days)
2. Red palms
3. Strawberry tongue (red with white coating)
46
What type of disease is Kawasaki disease?
Systemic vasculitis
47
What is the Tx for Kawasaki disease?
High dose aspirin
48
What are the CF of Scarlet Fever? (5 things)
1. Headache
2. Fever
3. Sore throat (tonsillitis)
4. Strawberry red tongue
5. Rash (coarse like sandpaper + red around mouth)
49
What is the Tx for Scarlet Fever?
Oral penicillin V for 10 days
50
What are the CF of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in kids? (2 things)
1. Sore throat / fever (systemic CF)
2. Vesicles in mouth (ulcers), palms n feet
51
What organism is Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease caused by?
Coxsackie A16 virus
52
Does the kid need to stay off school with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease?
No
53
What is used to screen newborns for Hearing problems?
Otoacoustic emission test
54
What follow up test is done if Otoacoustic emission test results come back as abnormal?
Auditory brainstem response test
55
What should you sus in a boy over 4 presenting with a limp?
Perthes’ disease
56
How should you investigate Perthe’s disease? (2 things)
1. XR (but can miss dx so move onto MRI)
2. MRI
57
What are the CF of PDA? (5 things)
1. Continous machinery murmur
2. Collapsing pulse
3. Wide pulse pressure
4. Apex beat
5. L subclavian thrill
58
What is the Tx for PDA?
Indomethacin (in postnatal period)
(give kids indomie)
59
What are the CF of Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (IPR)? (3 things)
1. Bruising
2. Petechial rash
3. Bleeding (epistaxis / gingival)
60
What will Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (IPR) be preceded by?
Glandular fever
61
What is the day cut off point for Neonatal death?
Baby dies in 0-28 days
62
What does weak femoral pulses at 6-8 week check of baby suggest?
Coarctation of aorta (refer to paeds on same day)
63
What is the Dx if a neonate hasn’t passed stool for 24+ hours after birth?
Hirschprungs disease
64
How do you Dx Hirschprungs disease?
Rectal biopsy (GOLD)
65
What is the initial Mx for Hirschprungs disease?
Bowel irrigation
66
What is the rate of compression to breaths in children CPR?
15:2
67
What are the CF of Fetal Alcohol syndrome? (5 things)
1. IUGR
2. Microcephaly
3. Thin upper lip
4. Irritability
5. ADHD
68
What is the most common cause of Nappy rash?
Irritant dermatitis
69
How should babies born prematurely be given their vaccines?
According to their chronological age, aka DO NOT correct for prematurity
70
What is Intussusception?
Invagination of part of bowel into lumen of adjacent bowel
71
What age does Intussusception most commonly affect?
6-18 months
72
What gender does Intussusception most commonly affect?
Boys (2x)
73
What are the CF of Intussusception? (6 things)
1. Crying beh
2. D+V
3. Sever crampy abd pain
4. Sausage mass in RUQ
5. Draw knees up to chest
6. Bloody stool
74
What is the investigation for Intussusception and what will you see?
US (will see Target like mass)
75
What is the Mx option for Intussusception?
Reduction by air insufflation (air khartoosh colonscopy thing)
76
What usually comes before Mesenteric adenitis?
Viral infection
77
Does Mesenteric adenitis need any Tx?
No
78
What is a very common benign cause of noisy breathing in infants?
Laryngomalacia
(self resolves by 2 yrs)
79
What size head do Fragile X syndrome babies have?
Massive head
80
What is the very first step of newborn baby resus? (3 things)
1. Dry baby
2. Maintain temperature
3. Start clock
81
What score is use to assess health of a newborn baby?
Apgar score
82
What are the CF of Meconium aspiration syndrome? (5 things)
1. Cyanosis
2. Tachypnoea
3. Chest wall retraction
4. Patchy infiltrations (on CXR)
5. Atelectasis (on CXR)
83
What should you do if neonate (aka 1 hour old) baby has BG of 2.2?
Nothing, bc transient hypoglycaemia in first few hours of birth is normal
84
What age should babies be able to palmar grasp?
5 months
(5 fingers on a hand)
85
What age should kids be able to draw a circle?
3 years
86
What age should a kid be able to build a tower of 3-4 blocks?
18 months
87
When do umbilical hernias usually resolve by?
3 years
88
What is a POOR prognosis factor for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)?
Being male :(
89
What can you give a child to stop them from wetting the bed in the short term (aka for a sleepover)?
Desmopressin
90
What underlying condition can hand preference before 12 months indicate?
Cerebral palsy
91
What is the causative organism of Epiglottitis?
H influenza (type B)
92
What is the Dx?
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (bowel loops seen in thoracic cavity)
93
What is a common complication of Chickenpox?
Secondary bac infection
94
What can increase risk of developing Secondary bac inf in Chickenpox?
NSAIDs
95
What are less common complications of Chickenpox? (3 things)
1. Pneumonia
2. Encephalitis
3. Disseminated haemorrhagic chickenpox
96
What is the number 1 cause of painless massive GI bleeding needing transfusion in 1-2 year olds?
Meckel’s diverticulum
97
What are the CF of Meckels diverticulum? (3 things)
1. Asymptomatic (usually)
2. RIF pain / tenderness (mimics appendicitis)
3. Bloody poo
98
How do you reduce the chance of severe brain damage in neonate w Hypoxic injury?
Therapeutic cooling @ 33-35 degrees
99
What is the Dx of a swelling on a newborns head that crosses sutures?
Caput Succedaneum
(CS = Crosses Sutures)
100
What is the Dx of a swelling on a newborns head that is caused by Suction?
Caput Succedaneum
(SUCC)
101
How long does Caput Succedaneum take to resolve?
Few days
102
What is the Dx of a swelling on a newborns head that develops few hours after birth?
Cephalohaematoma
(does NOT cross sutures)
103
How long does Cephalohaematoma take to resolve?
Few months
104
What Resp rate is a RED flag according to NICE paeds traffic light scoring?
RR over 60
105
Why should you not give NSAIDs to kids with chickenpox?
Risk of Necrotising fasciitis
106
What is first line for Nocturnal Enuresis (aka bed wetting)?
Enuresis alarm
107
What are the Abx TX for Meningitis in kids?
* Under 3 months: IV amoxicillin + IV cefotaxime
* Over 3 months: IV cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)
108
What helps you remember Dev Milestones for walking?
Head, shoulders, knees and toes, 3 6 9 12
* 3 months = Control head
* 6 months = Sitting up
* 9 months = Crawling
* 12 months = Walking
109
What will happen to most kids diagnosed with non-IgE mediated cows milk allergy?
They will become tolerant by 3 yrs (aka they can drink it)
110
What Prostaglandin can you give to keep PDA open in Cyanotic congenital heart disease?
Alprostadil
111
What kid should you never examine their throat and why?
Croup kids, bc risk of airway obstruction
112
What is the Dx when a kid has Intestinal rotation?
Paediatric intestinal malrotation w volvulus
113
What is the Tx for Paediatric intestinal malrotation w volvulus?
Ladds procedure
114
What epilepsy is characterised by partial seizures at night (or when they just wake up)?
Benign Rolandic epilepsy
(Ronaldo having partial seizures as a kid at night bc hes too good to sleep)
115
What is the Mx of Pyloric stenosis in a newborn?
Ramstedt pyloromyotomy
(cut it basically)
116
What are the Stepwise approach for Asthma Mx in UNDER 5’s? (4 steps)
* Step 1: SABA
* Step 2: MODERATE dose ICS (8 wk trial)
* Step 3: SABA + Low dose ICS + LTRA
* Step 4: Stop LTRA n refer
117
What are the Stepwise approach for Asthma Mx in OVER 5’s?
Same as adults pretty much
