Paeds Buzzwords Flashcards
(223 cards)
1
Q
Poor feeding
Rectal bleeding
Unwell, premature neonate
A
Necrotising enterocolitis
2
Q
Patchy area(s) of complete hair loss
resolves within a year
A
Alopecia areata
3
Q
Inflammatory cause of diarrhoea? - test
A
Faecal calprotectin
4
Q
Gastroschisis vs Omphalocoele
A
Gastroschisis - Defect lateral to the umbilicus. Herniated contents ARE NOT covered in a peritoneal membrane.
Omphalocele - Defect at the umbilicus. Herniated contents ARE covered in a peritoneal membrane.
5
Q
Hypospadias - definition
A
Hypospadias is a birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of the tip
6
Q
Timing for surgical correction of hypospadias
A
12 months
7
Q
Duchenne muscular dystrophy prognosis
A
27 yrs
8
Q
Becker muscular dystrophy prognosis
A
45 yrs
9
Q
Progressive weakness that usually manifests within the first 5 years of life
Patients may demonstrate delayed motor milestones
Patients often find it difficult to walk and to stand from a seated position
A
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
10
Q
Anterior knee pain
Generally worse when climbing the stairs or when standing from a seated position
A
Chondromalacia patellae
11
Q
Pain, swelling and locking following exercise
Usually occurs in active young people
A
osteochondritis dissecans
12
Q
Physiological phimosis age?
A
50% at 2 years of age
10% at 11 years of age
1% at 14 years of age
13
Q
Frequent regurgitation within 8 wks
Functional immaturity of LOS
A
GORD
14
Q
Breastfeeding + GORD -> ?
A
Breastfeeding assessment
Change frequency and positioning
15
Q
Genetic condition caused by a defect in type 1 collagen
A
Osteogenesis imperfecta
16
Q
Diplegia, hemiplegia and quadriplegia?
A
Diplegia: both lower limbs affected
Hemiplegia: one upper limb and one lower limb on the same side affected
Quadriplegia: all four limbs affected
17
Q
LD IQ scoring interpretation
A
Borderline Mild 70-79
Mild 50-69
Moderate 35-49
Severe 20-34
Profound < 20
18
Q
Non-specific abdominal pain that may localise to the right iliac fossa (thereby mimicking appendicitis)
Often preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection
A
Mesenteric adenitis
19
Q
The condition involves swollen or inflamed glands or ‘lymph nodes’ in the tummy (abdomen) that may cause pain, vomiting, and/or fever.
A
Mesenteric adenitis
20
Q
Surgical Mx for Hirschprung’s
A
Anorectal pull-through
21
Q
Mx - ophthalmia neonatorum caused by chlamydia
A
Oral erythromycin for 14 days
22
Q
Pyloric stenosis - Ix
A
Abdominal USS
23
Q
Mild croup Mx
A
0.15 mg/kg PO Dexamethasone STAT
24
Q
Intussusception - Mx
A
Rectal air insufflation
An air enema is usually the first treatment. In the X-ray department, a tube is passed into the child’s bottom and air is released into the bowel. This works by pushing the bowel back, so that the intussusception corrects itself. This is monitored using X-rays
25
1st line med - male patient, generalised tonic-clonic epilepsy
Sodium valproate
26
Suspected Perthes disease - Ix
X-ray of both hips (including anteroposterior and frog leg lateral views)
27
Talipes equinovarus?
Clubfoot, also known as talipes equinovarus (TEV), is a common foot abnormality, in which the foot points downward and inward.
28
Clubfoot - Mx
Ponsetti Method
29
Short stature
Short limbs
Large head
Frontal bossing
Depression of nasal bridge
Marked lumbar lordosis
Achondroplasia
30
Achondroplasia?
growth of long bones is restricted by ossification of cartilage
31
Constipation w/ faecal impaction - Mx?
Disimpaction regimen of polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (Movicol®)
32
School exclusion - Mumps
Exclude from school until 5 days after the onset of the parotid swellings
33
well-demarcated scaly border with satellite lesions
Candida Nappy rash
34
Abx in Meconium aspiration
Ampicillin and Gentamicin
35
Kasai procedure
Biliary atresia
36
IgA nephropathy vs Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
IgA = within days of URTI
PSG = weeks after URTI
37
Olive-like mass in RUQ
Pyloric stenosis
38
Hypochloraemic, hypokalaemia metabolic alkalosis
pyloric stenosis
39
Pyloric stenosis metabolic and electrolyte derangement
Hypochloraemic, hypokalaemia metabolic alkalosis
40
Kerion manifestation?
Area of scarring alopecia resulting from the inflammatory response to a fungal skin infection (ringworm)
The area of skin may appear boggy and inflamed.
41
Salmon-pink rash
Arthritis
Uveitis
Systemic features (e.g. fever)
Weight loss
Myalgia
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Still's Disease
42
Cleft palate repair timeline
6-12 months
43
Dystonia (abnormal muscle tone)
Chorea (dance-like, irregular movements)
Athetosis (slow, writing movements)
Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
44
Localised, soft tissue oedema of the scalp that occurs following pressure applied on the baby’s head by the cervix during delivery
It crosses suture lines and resolves within days
Caput succedaneum
45
Newborn
Painless, soft and fluctuant swelling around a testicle
It is possible to get above the swelling and the swelling cannot be separated from the testicle
Congenital hydrocoele
46
Bronchitis Mx:
Apnoea
Central Cyanosis
Oxygen Saturation < 92%
Severe Respiratory Distress
Respiratory Rate > 70/minute
immediate review and admission
47
Mx malabsorption and diarrhoea in CF
Creon
48
Achondroplasia mutation
Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 Gene (FGFR-3) Mutation
49
Sickle cell disease Hb elecrophoresis of newborn
HbS and HbF
50
Anaphylactic reaction - blood test to confirm
Mast cell tryptase
51
Condition that is usually caused by a tumour of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Reduced range of neck motion
Struggle to turn head in one direction (may manifest with preferring to feed from one breast)
Palpable, non-tender nodule on sternocleidomastoid
Infant torticollis
52
CHickenpox school exclusion
until vescicles crust over
53
Social, Emotional and Behavioural Dvlpt: 18-month old child
Feed themselves with a spoon, drink from a cup, try to play alone and try to help with dressing
54
Gross Motor: 18-month old child
Walks steadily and independently and may be able to squat
55
Vision and Fine Motor: 18-month old child
Pincer grip, build a tower of 3 blocks, look at and ‘palm hit’ books, draw a scribble
56
Hearing Speech and Language: 18-month old child
6-10 words, can follow simple instructions, points to 2-4 body parts
57
1st line med for ADHD
Methylphenidate
58
COmplciations of Mumps
Orchitis
Pancreatitis
Meningitis / Encephalitis
59
Loss of red reflex in one eye
Retinoblastoma
60
Bilateral pain that is present throughout the day and is worst at night
Patients are able to continue all usual activities
No limp
Growing pains
61
Becker Muscular Dystrophy - inheritance pattern
X-lined recessive
62
Club foot - associated conditions
Spina Bifida
Edward Syndrome
Oligohydramnios
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Cerebral Palsy
63
Testicular torsion signs
- Absent cremasteric reflex
- Negative Prehn’s sign (no pain relief on elevation of testes)
- Positive Ger sign (pitting at the testicular base)
- Negative blue-dot sign (no nodule)
- Positive Deming sign (abnormally elevated testes)
- Positive Brunzel sign (horizontal lie of the affected testis)
64
Infected and inflamed umbilicus and stump
Omphalitis
- caused by Staphylococcal or Streptococcal organisms.
It warrants further investigation and prompt treatment because it can progress to cause more widespread tissue damage (e.g. necrotising fasciitis).
65
Maternal intrapartum lithium use
Ebstein's anomaly
66
Ebstein's anomaly defect?
downward displacement of an abnormal tricuspid valve which causes the atrium to increase in size and the right ventricle to become smaller or ‘atrialise’
67
Balanitis - Mx?
inflammation of glans penis
Hygiene (including under the foreskin) with saline washes and a short-course of topical 1% hydrocortisone cream is recommended
68
Rosenthal Fibres
Pilocytic astrocytoma
69
Rubella incubation period?
14-21 days
70
Acoustic Neuromas
Meningiomas
Ependymomas
Neruofibromatosis Type 2
71
mainstay of treating mild proctitis associated with ulcerative colitis?
Per Rectal 5-ASAs (e.g. mesalazine)
72
Abdominal migraine presentation?
Paroxysmal episodes of intense acute umbilical pain which interferes with daily activities. They occur more than twice in 12 months and are associated with more than two of anorexia, vomiting, photophobia, nausea, headache and pallor.
73
Cells absent in Hirschprung's disease?
Ganglion cells of myenteric plexus
74
Epiglottitis Abx
IV 3rd generation cephalosporin (e.g. ceftriaxone)
75
Tonsillitis ENT referral?
> 7 episodes per year for 1 year
> 5 episodes per year for 2 years
> 3 episodes per year for 3 years
76
monophonic wheeze
sudden-onset breathlessness
Foreign body inhalation
77
Neonate bacterial pneumonia ?
Group B Streptococcus, Gram-negative Enterococcus
78
Infant Bacterial pneumonia ?
HAemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
79
Child >5yrs bacterial penumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
80
Eczema steroid ladder
Mild: Hydrocortisone 1%
Moderate: Betamethasone Valerate 0.025% or Clobetasone Butyrate 0.05%
Potent: Betamethasone Valerate 0.1%, Mometasone
If Very Severe: Oral Steroids
81
Small, scaly red lesions usually on the trunk and upper limbs occurring after a streptococcal throat infection
Guttate psoriasis
82
Erythematous rash that is particularly prominent on the cheeks before spreading to the rest of the body
Parvovirus B19 infection
83
Molluscum contagiosum Mx?
Observation - resolves spontaneously
84
Maculopapular rash beginning on the face and behind the ears before spreading over the trunk and limbs
Koplik spots
Measles
85
Innocent Murmur 5 S's?
Sensitive to changes in position and breathing
Short duration (i.e. not pansystolic)
Single (i.e. no associated clicks or gallops)
Small (present in a limited area and does not radiate)
Soft (low amplitude)
Systolic
86
Cyanotic heart disease
presents within days of birth
does not improve with oxygen therapy
Transposition of the Great Arteries
87
Prostaglandin infusion for which neonatal patients?
Congenital cyanotic heart disease
88
Encephalitis most common causative organism
Herpes simplex
89
Discrete, rose pink, maculopapular rash across the neck and trunk
Associated with high fever and febrile convulsions
Roseola infantum
90
Rash caused by HHV6B/7
Roseola infantum
91
Organisms that cause miscarriage
Rubella
CMV
Bacterial vaginosis
HIV
Chlamydia
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
Malaria
92
Presents gradually with hip or referred knee pain
Pain on abduction and internal rotation of the affected hip
SUFE
Posteroinferior displacement of the epiphysis of the femoral head due to a fracture through the growth plate
93
APGAR?
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiratory Effort
94
Mature pincer grip age limit?
12 months
95
Walking age limit?
18 months
96
Walking unsteadily median age?
15 months
97
Prolonged jaundice
Pale stool
Dark urine
Failure to gain weight
Biliary atresia
98
Kawasaki Mx?
High-Dose Aspirin
IVIG
99
Labial fusion - Mx?
Reassurance and follow-up
Usually resolves by puberty
100
associated with keratoderma blenorrhagicum and circinate balanitis
Reactive arthritis
101
Asymmetrical oligarthritis
Uveitis
Urethritis
Reactive arthritis
101
102
Down syndrome - CHD?
Atrioventricular Septal Defect
103
Lower back pain
Gait disturbance
Scoliosis
High-arched feet
Neurological dysfunction (bladder and bowel)
Tethered spinal cord syndrome
104
Greasy rash with yellow scales primarily affecting the face and scalp
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
105
UTI in 5-yr old girl, first episode - Mx?
7-10 day course of oral cephalexin or co-amoxiclav
No imaging required if it is a first-episode and not atypical
106
Abnormality of the medial aspect of the proximal tibial growth plate that causes progressive bowing of the legs
Blout's disease
107
DKA Mx?
IV Fluids
Fixed-Rate Insulin Infusion (0.1 u/kg/hr)
108
May present with hyperpigmented spots on the lips, hands and genitalia.
Autosomal dominant disease
Peutz-Jegher syndrome
109
Autosomal dom condition characterised by development of hamartomas throughout the gastrointestinal tract (predominantly the small bowel)
Peutz-Jegher syndrome
110
Painless midline neck mass that moves when swallowing
Thyroglossal duct cyst
111
Pearly umbilicated papules
Molluscum contagiosum
112
Parasitic infestations caused by Sarcoptes scabiei
scabies
113
Presents with severe itching especially in the hands
Burrows may be visualised around the webbing of the hands
scabies
114
1st line scabies mx?
Permethrin
(applied to the whole body and allowed to dry before being washed off 8-12 hours later. A second application must be done one week after the first.)
115
Paeds ALS algorithm
15:2
116
Retinoblastoma gene
Chromosome 13
117
Bilateral retinoblastoma?
Hereditary 100%
118
Child presenting with macroscopic haematuria and an abdominal mass
Wilm's tumour
119
Recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections
50% of patients will have complete situs inversus
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
+ situs invertus = Kartagener's syndrome
120
pregnant women drinking unpasteurised milk and eating soft cheeses during pregnancy
Listeria monocytogenes
121
Heel prick test screening?
Sickle cell disease
Congenital hypothyroidism
Cystic Fibrosis
Phenylketonuria
MCAD deficiency
Maple syrup urine disease
Isovaleric acidaemia
Glutaric aciduria type 1
Homocystinuria
122
Oval-shaped scaly patches often distributed in a fir-tree pattern
Often preceded by a larger herald patch
Pityriasis rosea
123
Early onset neonatal sepsis - causative organisms
GBS
Listeria monocytogenes
124
Abx - early-onset neonatal sepsis
Benzylpenicillin and gentamicin
125
What is possetting?
Common condition affecting infants characterised by the painless regurgitation of small amounts of feed without any faltering growth
126
Infectious gastroenteritis young children - causative organism?
Rotavirus
127
DDH - manoeuvres and Mx?
Barlow and Ortolani's manoeuvres
Pavlik Harness
128
Osgood-Schlatter disease?
Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is swelling and irritation of the growth plate at the top of the shinbone. A growth plate is a layer of cartilage near the end of a bone where most of the bone's growth happens. It is weaker and more at risk for injury than the rest of the bone.
129
Knee pain - Worsening pain when climbing or descending the stairs
chondromalacia patellae
130
osteochondritis dissecans? - Ix?
Osteochondritis dissecans is when a piece of bone and the attached cartilage break down and become loose.
MRI
131
Widened joint space
Asymmetrical femoral epiphyseal size
Blurred physeal plate
Radiolucency of the proximal metaphysis
Perthes Disease
132
Tenderness over the patellar ligament at the site of insertion into the tibial tuberosity
Osgood-Schlatter disease
133
Usually presents before the age of 6 months
Progressive proximal weakness primarily affecting the lower limbs
Spinal muscular atrophy
134
Persistent bone pain and swelling (usually affecting the femur or tibia)
Pain is often worse at night and described as being dull and unremitting
Osteosarcoma
135
Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia (MAHA)
Thrombocytopaenia
Renal Impairment (AKI)
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome
136
Second unprovoked seizure in child?
EEG
137
immediate management of transposition of the great arteries
Prostaglandin E1 Infusion
Balloon Atrial Septostomy
138
Maculopapular Rash
Persistent Fever > 7 Days
Adenopathy
Strawberry Tongue
Swelling of Hands and Feet
Kawasaki
139
Intermittent abdominal pain (presenting with inconsolable crying and drawing knees up to chest)
Stool containing blood and mucus
Sausage-shaped mass in right side of abdomen
Intussusception
140
What is Sturge-Weber syndrome?
Sturge-Weber syndrome is a neurocutaneous syndrome characterised by the presence of a haemangiomatous facial lesion (port wine stain) in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, abnormal intracranial blood vessels and eye abnormalities (e.g. glaucoma). The neurological manifestations can vary, but many patients suffer from seizures and developmental delay.
141
Hydrocoele - fluid collects where?
Tunica vaginalis
142
Cataracts
Sensorineural hearing loss
Congenital heart disease (often PDA)
Congenital rubella syndrome
143
Increased work of breathing
Reduced air entry
Bowel sounds in thorax
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
144
Knee pain that is worse with exercise
Tenderness and swelling over the tibial tuberosity
Osgood-Schlatter syndrome
145
Med for child >7 yrs w/ nocturnal enureisis
Desmopressin
146
Paroxysms of inconsolable crying often with drawing up of the knees and passage of excessive flatulence in an otherwise healthy and well-fed infant.
Crying is usually present for more than 3 hours per day for more than 3 days per week for more than 3 weeks.
Infantile colic
147
most common cause of Eisenmenger syndrome?
VSD
148
What is Eisenmenger syndrome?
In Eisenmenger syndrome, there is irregular blood flow in the heart and lungs. This causes the blood vessels in the lungs to become stiff and narrow. Blood pressure rises in the lungs' arteries (pulmonary arterial hypertension). Eisenmenger syndrome permanently damages the blood vessels in the lungs.
149
Low-grade, low-stage Wilm's tumour Tx?
Surgical Resection
Vincristine
Dactinomycin
150
Double bubble sign (distended stomach and proximal duodenum separated by the pyloric sphincter)
Duodenal atresia
151
Congenital softening of the supraglottic larynx
Laryngomalacia
152
Sturge weber syndrome?
Trigeminal distribution of port-wine stain (naevus flammeus)
Capillary vascular malformation
Brain vascular involvement too
153
newborn with large bruise coloured area on the buttocks and lower back which seems non-tender
This is a Mongolian blue spot
more commonly found in darker skinned races, classically found on the buttocks and lower back and fade as the child grows up
154
5-day-old baby has had a rash for the past 3 days:
- started on her chest, is spreading to her face and getting worse.
- erythematous rash on her face, torso and right arm with little pustules
Erythema toxicum - innocent
155
3 yr old
tonsillitis 2 weeks ago
- the hips have a full range of movement except he cries on external rotation of the right hip
- after paracetamol he takes a few antalgic steps with encouragement, limping on the right leg.
Reactive arthritis
156
- teenage boy, obese, has just suffered an injury
- can't walk R hip pain
- R leg looks shortened and externally rotated
SUFE - manage with internal fixation w/ pin
157
A fracture of the long bones in young children where only one cortex is broken and the other buckled
greenstick fracture
158
Newborn baby screening exam: clunk felt on Barlow’s test and a relocation click on Ortolani’s manoeuvre
Next step?
DDH identified - book USS for 6 wk screening
159
RFs for DDH:
female
first child
breech presentation
clubbed foot
FHx of DDH
oligohydramnios
macrosomia
160
associated with HLA-B27 tissue types
presents in older boys with large joint arthritis
swollen tender tendons
sacro-iliitis
bamboo spine on x-ray
It is associated with anterior uveitis which if left untreated may cause blindness
Enthesitis-related arthritis
161
Interphalyngeal joint swelling
Scaly skin rash
Nail pitting
Dactylitis
Psoriatic arthritis
162
an arthritis originally affecting one or two joints for the first 6 weeks and over time has spread to multiple joints
Extended oligoarthritis
163
acute illness with daily fevers, malaise, failure to thrive, rash, muscle and joint aches for greater than 6 weeks associated with raised inflammatory markers
Systemic JIA
/ Still's Disease
164
more common in girls and presents with symmetrical arthritis of the wrists, hands, ankles and knees
Polyarticular arteritis
165
Weak and clumsy 5-yr old boy
wasting of quadriceps
walks in waddling gait
Blood CK 1600mmol/L
Muscular dystrophy
166
Complications of Down's Syndrome
B. Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
C. Type 1 diabetes
D. Leukaemia
E. Alzheimer’s disease
167
What is the inheritance of Prader–Willi syndrome?
Imprinting - for some chromosomes, you need the paternal or maternal chromosome to be present for normal functioning. To inherit Prader–Willi syndrome, there is loss of part of the paternal chromosome 15
168
illness with lactose-containing milks, with vomiting, cataracts and recurrent episodes of Escherichia coli sepsis
Galactosaemia
169
Gene affected in Marfan's and inheritance pattern
Fibrillin gene - autosomal dominant
170
10 year old boy
widely spaced nipples, wide carrying angle, hypogonadism, pulmonary stenosis and developmental delay
Noonan's syndrome
171
Insidious meningitis symptoms onset
TB
172
congenital CMV infection
A. Deafness
B. Intrauterine growth retardation
C. Hydrocephalus
D. Thrombocytopenia
173
Rose spots and gastroenteritis - organism
Salmonella typhi
174
VACTERL syndrome?
VACTERL represents an acronym for a broad spectrum of congenital anomalies such as vertebral anomalies, anorectal anomalies (anal atresia), cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula or atresia, renal anomalies, and limb anomalies
175
Why do neonates from GDM mothers have hypoglycaemia?
They become used to having high levels of circulating glucose from their mother and therefore increase their baseline insulin production. At delivery, this supply of glucose is removed and the residual insulin will decrease their glucose, predisposing to hypoglycaemia
176
Term infant, ulcers in his mouth, vesicles on palms of hands.
Poor feeding for 2 days
Coxsackie A16 - hand, foot and mouth disease
177
recurrent febrile seizures - rescue medication?
Buccal midazolam
Rectal Diazepam
178
Head injury in child + vomiting - Mx
CT immediately if >3 episodes vomiting
179
Hand preference before 12 months?
Cerebral palsy
180
Neonatal hypoglycaemia, no symptoms - Mx?
Encourage continued breastfeeding and monitor glucose
181
Perianal itching in children -> other family members too?
Itching worse at night, > 1wk
Two slender white worms noted in perianal region
Enterobius vermicularis - threadworms
182
Machinery murmur at the upper left sternal edge
PDA
183
Cubitus valgus and low-set ears
Primary amenorrhoea
Syndrome and Cardiac abnormality?
Turner's syndrome
- ejection systolic murmur due to bicuspid aortic valve
184
Methylphenidate monitoring?
Weight and height every 6 months
It is a stimulant and may suppress appetite and cause growth impairment in children
185
Newborn - notable microcephaly and an absent philtrum. On examination there is a pansystolic murmur auscultated.
Foetal alcohol syndrome
186
What is the most common cardiac pathology associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
dilated cardiomyopathy
187
- erythematous rash across the child's trunk and limbs. The rash does not appear itchy and blanches with pressure
- common 6 months - 2 years
- fever followed later by rash
Roseola infantum
188
Threadworm first line Tx
Oral Mebendazole
189
A 48 hour old neonate develops increasing abdominal distension. He had a normal delivery but has yet to pass any meconium. Following digital rectal examination liquid stool is released.
Hirschsprung's disease
190
A 7 month old girl presents with vomiting and diarrhoea. She is crying and drawing her legs up. There is a a sausage shaped mass in the abdomen.
Intussusception
191
A 1 month old baby girl presents with bile stained vomiting. She has an exomphalos and a congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Malrotation
Exomphalos and diaphragmatic herniae are commonly associated with malrotation.
192
Children under the age of 5 years who have nocturnal enuresis - Mx?
Reassurance and advice on fluid intake, diet and toileting behaviour
193
Midline neck swelling
Rises on protrusion of the tongue
Thyroglossal cyst
194
Mum uses labetalol
neonate is jittery and hypotonic
Neonatal hypoglycaemia
195
Seizures / contractions
Hypsarrhythmia on EEG
Abnormal MRI
Infantile spasps / West syndrome
196
First-line for West Syndrome / infantile spasms
Poor prognosis
Vigabatrin
ACTH also used
197
Coryza and fever for last few days
Red rash on cheeks and pallor surrounding mouth
Parvovirus B19 - Slapped cheeck syndrome - erythema infectiosum
198
Medication to relieve ongoing spasticity in cerebral palsy, which causes pain and contractures
Baclofen - muscle relaxant and antispastic agent
198
abdo pain
USS shows target sign
Intussusception
199
Average child sits without support at what age?
6-8 months
200
abdominal X-ray is requested which reveals gas cysts in the bowel wall
Necrotising enterocolitis
201
investigation of choice for reflux nephropathy?
Micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG)
202
Pyloric stenosis management
Ramstedt Pyloromyotomy
203
A 4 year boy presents with an abnormal gait. He has a history of recent viral illness. His WCC is 11 and ESR is 30.
Transient synovitis
204
A 6-year-old boy presents with an groin pain. He is known to be disruptive in class. He reports that he is bullied for being short. On examination he has an antalgic gait and pain on internal rotation of the right hip.
Perthes disease
205
An obese 12-year-old boy is referred with pain in the left knee and hip. On examination he has an antaglic gait and limitation of internal rotation. His knee has normal range of passive and active movement.
SUFE
206
The mother describes coughing followed by periods in which the child stops breathing and turns blue
Bordetella pertussis
Infants with pertussis may present with apnoeas rather than the classic whoop.
207
cerebral palsy - involuntary movements, excessive salivation and mastication difficulties - which type?
Dyskinetic cerebral palsy - manifests as athetoid movements and oromotor problems
208
Diffuse rash involving cheeks, neck and torso. Doesn't affect palms. Rash is red, and texture is rough. Management?
Oral pen V for 10 days
209
Cerebral palsy type? - Hypertonic, muscle stiffness
Spastic cerebral palsy
210
Cerebral palsy type? - poor coordination and balance
Ataxic cerebral palsy
211
Bacterial meningitis < 3months Abx?
IV cefotaxime and IV amoxicillin
212
Whooping cough management?
Oral azithromycin / clarithromycin
if onset of cough is within 21 days
213
Newborn not feeding well, 16 days
Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
No infection, normal TFTs,
Raised conj bilirubin, liver transaminases and bile acids
Biliary atresia -> surgical intervention
214
Mx:
Jittery baby, irregular RR
Mother had GDM
Neonatal hypoglycaemia - if symptomatic or very low BM, admit to neonatal uunit and give IV 10% dextrose
215
Barlow test?
Attempt to dislocate an articulated femoral head
216
Ortolani test?
Attemt to relocate a dislocated femoral head
217
Undescended testes complications
Testicular torsion
Infertility
Testicular cancer
218
Constipation in children - Mx?
Advice on diet/fluid intake + Movicol Paediatric Plan
219
Child <3yrs presenting with acute limp
Urgent hospital referral
220
Infant with bilious vomiting & obstruction, bringin legs up and crying
Intestinal malrotation
221
