Paeds - Preading Flashcards
What ages are the following classes of children?
- Neonate
- Infant
- Young Child
- Child
- Adolescent
- Neonate – birth to 1 month
- Infant – 1 month to 2 years
- Young Child – 2 -6 years
- Child – 6-12 years
- Adolescent – 12-18 years
What are the developmental milestones for a 2 month old?
- Language and communication
- Social and Emotional
- Cognitive
- Movement / Physical development
Language and communication:
- Coos and gurgling sounds
- Turns head towards sound
Social and Emotional:
- Begins to smile at people
- Tries to look at parents
- Sucks on hand to sooth
Cognitive:
- Begins to follow things with eyes
- Begins to act bored (cries / fusses if activity doesn’t change)
Movement / Physical development:
- Can hold head up and begins to push up when lying on tummy
What are the developmental milestones for a 8 month old?
- Language and communication
- Social and Emotional
- Cognitive
- Movement / Physical development
Language and communication:
- Understands no
- ‘Ma ma’ / ‘da da’ sounds
- Uses fingers to point
Social and Emotional:
- Stranger awareness
- Has favourite toy
Cognitive:
- Watches something as it falls
- Can move things from from one hand to another
- Picks up cereal between thumb and index finger
- Plays peek-a-boo
Movement / Physical development:
- Stands whilst holding on
- Can get into sitting position
- Sits without support
- Crawls
What are the developmental milestones for a 18 month old?
- Language and communication
- Social and Emotional
- Cognitive
- Movement / Physical development
Language and communication:
- Says 10 words
- Says no + shakes head
- Points to show something interesting
Social and Emotional:
- Temper tantrums
- Plays simple pretend e.g. feeding doll
- Explores alone but with parent nearby
- Hands things to others as play
Cognitive:
- Follows 1-step verbal command e.g. sit down or point to your nose
- Scribbles on own
- Knows what normal items are e.g. telephone, spoon etc.
Movement / Physical development:
- Walks alone
- Heps dress self
- Drinks from cup
- Eats with spoon
What are the developmental milestones for a 3 year old?
- Language and communication
- Social and Emotional
- Cognitive
- Movement / Physical development
Language and communication:
- Understands words such as in / on / under
- Carries on a conversation using 2 to 3 sentences
- Can use some pronouns & plurals
Social and Emotional:
- Copies adults and friends
- Takes turns in games
- Shows concern for friend crying
- Understands idea of ‘mine’, ‘his’ or ‘hers’
Cognitive:
- Does jig saw 3-4 pieces
- Copies a circle with a pencil
- Can work toys with buttons, levers & moving parts
- Can turn book pages one at a time
Movement / Physical development:
- Runs easily
- Walks up and down stairs (one step at a time)
- Climbs
What is the ratio of compressions : breaths for infants/children?
5 rescue breaths
THEN
15 compressions : 2 breaths
Why is the resuscitation schedule in children different to that in adults?
Because cardiorespiratory arrest in a child is much more likely to be respiratory e.g. asphyxia
How can sepsis affect the temperature of a baby < 4 weeks old?
Hypothermic
The baby’s temperature may actually be lower than normal (< 37 degrees)
What is the POPS score?
Paediatric Observation and Priority score
- A checklist which scores between 0-16
- For acutely ill children –> enables assessment & prioritisation of acutely ill children
When is Body Surface Area used in Paediatric dosing?
Only really used in Oncology
and for Acyclovir
