Page 1 Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is the process of taking air into and expelling it from the lungs called?
Breathing
Breathing involves inhaling and exhaling air.
What happens to the ribcage when you inhale?
Moves up and out
This movement helps decrease chest pressure and draw air into the lungs.
What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?
Contracts and moves down
This contraction increases the volume of the chest cavity.
When you exhale, what happens to the diaphragm?
Relaxes and moves up
This relaxation decreases the volume of the chest cavity.
What are alveoli?
Air sacs in the lungs
Alveoli are where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs.
How does oxygen enter the bloodstream?
Diffuses from the lungs into the bloodstream
Oxygen is carried by red blood cells after joining with haemoglobin.
What happens if carbon dioxide builds up in the body?
It becomes harmful and can stop chemical processes in cells
Carbon dioxide can make the cytoplasm more acidic.
What is the primary function of glucose in respiration?
Provides energy
Glucose is transported in blood plasma to cells needing energy.
What is the reaction formula for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water (energy transferred)
This reaction occurs in the mitochondria.
Where does aerobic respiration take place in the cell?
Mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria)
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without using oxygen
It produces lactic acid in animals and ethanol and carbon dioxide in plants and microorganisms.
What is the formula for lactic acid fermentation?
Glucose → Lactic acid (+energy transferred)
This process occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise.
What is the formula for alcoholic fermentation?
Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide (+energy transferred)
This process occurs in yeast and some microorganisms.
