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Question 1

Conjoint Therapy

Answer 1

Developed by Virginia Satir. It is a process of human validation, based on communication and emotional experiencing and centered in the therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the family rather than in techniques, which are viewed as being secondary

Question 2

Concurrent Family Therapy

Answer 2

Treatment with significant others, family members, etc at the same

Question 3

Network Family Therapy

Answer 3

Originated by Ross Speck; going outside of the nuclear family and involving a network of people in the treatment of a pathological patient.

Question 4

Multiple Couple or Family Therapy

Answer 4

therapy sessions with the couple or family together.

Question 5

Nathan Ackerman

Answer 5

A key figure in marital and family therapy, “unofficial founder of family therapy”/ “the parent figure of psychodynamic family therapy”. Asserted that marital therapy was the core approach to family change. Advocated seeing the whole family as a unit in therapy in order to asses and help troubled families. Born in Russia in 1908, family moved to the US in 1912. Started the Ackerman Institute in 1960. Died 1971

Question 6

Social Rules

Answer 6

One’s position in a social group e.g. mother, daughter, son, father, friend, acquaintance, etc

Question 7

Role Complementary

Answer 7

When one’s roles complement each other or work together well

Question 8

Conflict

Answer 8

A problem or issue; discord

Question 9

Don Jackson

Answer 9

Developed the ideas of family homeostasis, family rules, relational quid pro quo and the theory of the Double Bind. He is credited as the principal founder of Interactional Theory and Conjoint Family Therapy

Question 10

Gregory Bateson

Answer 10

an anthropologist, developed the Double Bind Communications Project, later known as the Bateson project, launched in 1952

Question 11

Jay Haley

Answer 11

helped develop strategic family therapy (MFT), which is a pragmatic, problem-solving approach that deals with present problems of couples and families without delving into the past to achieve insight. He developed ideas relating to power, hierarchy and strategic interventions including directive as well as paradoxical techniques

Question 12

Family Rules

Answer 12

Rules that defined communication patterns and interactions among family members. Lack of rules for change resulted in family dysfunction. It is the therapist’s role to make these rules explicit

Question 13

Principle of Equifinality

Answer 13

in open systems a given end state can be reached by many potential means. Term coined by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, the founder of General Systems Theory.

Question 14

Differentiation of Self

Answer 14

the development of autonomy of the individual; coined by Murray Bowen

Question 15

Emotional Cutoff

Answer 15

a mechanism that is used to reduce anxiety from unresolved past conflicts with parents, siblings and other members of the family of origin. This is accomplished by avoiding sensitive issues. This tends to contaminate other relationships, especially under stress. Term coined by Murray Bowen

Question 16

Sibling Position

Answer 16

one of Bowen’s Interlocking Concepts; people who grow up in the same sibling position have similar characteristics

Question 17

Centrifugal Family

Answer 17

moving away from the family, forming a sense of independence from the family

Question 18

Closed System

Answer 18

A type of family therapy that describes the family dynamics. The closed system usually resents a troubled family with lack of communication and low self-esteem

Question 19

In Vivo

Answer 19

involved in exposure therapy where the person is exposed to his phobia in a controlled environment. I.E. when a client with a balloon phobia is exposed to dozens of balloons at one time in the treatment room with no recourse to leaving the room as an escape response, until the high anxiety level experienced by the client is significantly reduced

Question 20

Metacommunication

Answer 20

communication that indicates how verbal information should be interpreted. Something that someone says may not be what they actually mean

Question 21

Mimesis

Answer 21

The imitation or representation of aspects of the sensible world, especially human actions, in literature and art

Question 22

Neo-Freudians

Answer 22

psychologists who agreed with the basis of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, but changed and adapted the theory to incorporate their own beliefs, ideas and theories. They added onto Freud’s psychoanalytic theories

Question 23

Object Relations

Answer 23

Object relations theory is an offshoot of psychoanalytic theory that emphasizes interpersonal relations, primarily in the family and especially between mother and child. “Object” actually means person and especially the significant person that is the object or target of another’s feelings or intentions. “Relations” refers to interpersonal relations and suggests the residues of past relationships that affect a person in the present. Object relations theorists are interested in inner images of the self and other and how they manifest themselves in interpersonal situations

Question 24

Sculpting

Answer 24

a technique that involves asking family members to take turns acting as a “director” in getting the different family members to place themselves in particular positions physically in space in the therapist’s office to represent their family relationships

Question 25

Working Through

Answer 25

a concept introduced by Freud. It is the process of repeating, elaborating, and amplifying interpretations. It is believed that such working through is critical towards the success of therapy

Question 26

Wisdom

Answer 26

the ninth stage developed by Joan Erikson. Focuses on developing gerotranscendence. Also involves moving from a rational and materialistic perspective to a deeper focus on spirituality and experiencing peace of mind

Question 27

Shalom

Answer 27

Peace, completeness, happiness; seeing the world in a good light

Question 28

Ontological GIvens

Answer 28

psycho spiritual qualities that God created with human beings before the fall. They include: acceptance, belonging, competence, equity, identity, security, significance, and transcendence

Question 29

Negative Developmental Experiences

Answer 29

the negative experiences that happened during development carries over into adulthood. It impacts the person’s outlook and perception on situations

Question 30

Dysfunction

Answer 30

something that prevents normal behavior or function

Question 31

Upward Path & Downward Path

Answer 31

Two paths that we choose based on temptation and pressure. The upward path includes faith, accountability, courage, truth, and self-discipline and leads to Shalom/integration. The downward path includes habit, isolation, pain avoidance, self deception, impulsivity, and immediacy and leads to distress, dysfunction, and disintegration