PAIN

Question 1

Old French name of pain?

Answer 1

peine

Question 2

Latin name of pain?

Answer 2

poena, “punishment, penalty”

Question 3

Greek name of pain?

Answer 3

Greek “ποινη” (poine), generally “price paid,” “penalty, ” “punishment.”

Question 4

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

Answer 4

PAIN

Question 5

It is both a sensation and an emotion as it is accompanied by anxiety and the urge to escape or terminate the feeling.

Answer 5

PAIN

Question 6

The ability to experience pain is essential for ??

Answer 6

protection from injury.

Question 7

Insensitivity to pain is associated ?

Answer 7

with risk of tissue damage due to undiscovered injury.

Question 8

The International Association for the Study of Pain advocates that

Answer 8

Relief from pain should be recognized as a human rightChronic pain should be considered a disease in its own rightPain medicine should have the full status of a specialty

Question 9

fivers that transmit pain impulses?

Answer 9

A-delta (Aδ)and C fibers

Question 10

fibers transmit light touch ?

Answer 10

A-beta (Aβ)

Question 11

A peripheral nerve consists of the axons of three different types of neurons:

Answer 11

primary sensory afferents, motor neurons, and sympa- thetic postganglionic neurons

Question 12

The cell bodies of pri- mary sensory afferents are located in the?

Answer 12

dorsal root ganglia in the vertebral foramina

Question 13

primary afferent axon has two branches:

Answer 13

one projects centrally into the spinal cord and the other projects peripherally to innervate tissues

Question 14

The largest-diameter afferent fibbers?

Answer 14

A-beta (Aβ),

Question 15

respond maximally to light touch and/or moving stimuli; they are present primarily in nerves that innervate the skin

Answer 15

A-beta (Aβ),

Question 16

In normal individuals, the activity of these fibers does not produce pain

Answer 16

A-beta (Aβ),

Question 17

he small-diameter myelinated

Answer 17

A-delta (Aδ)

Question 18

unmyelinated axons

Answer 18

(C fiber)

Question 19

primary afferent nociceptors (pain receptors

Answer 19

(C fiber) , A-delta (Aδ)

Question 20

is a non-associative learning process in which repeated administrations of a stimulus results in the progressive amplification of a response

Answer 20

Sensitization

Question 21

Inflammatory mediators?

Answer 21

bradyki- nin, nerve-growth factor, some prostaglandins, and leukotrienes

Question 22

Sensitization occurs at the level of the peripheral nerve terminal

Answer 22

(peripheral sen- sitization)

Question 23

Sensitization at the level of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Answer 23

(central sensitization).

Question 24

Peripheral sensitization occurs in?

Answer 24

damaged or inflamed tissues

Question 25

generated by nociceptors during inflammation, enhances the excitability of nerve cells in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Answer 25

(central sensitization).

Question 26

increased pain intensity in response to the same noxious stimulus; e.g. moderate pressure causes severe pain?

Answer 26

hyperalgesia

Question 27

are normally relatively insensitive to nox- ious mechanical and thermal stimuli?

Answer 27

Viscera

Question 28

Aδ and C fiber afferents innervating vis- cera are completely insensitive in normal , However, in the presence of inflammatory mediators, these afferents become sensitive to mechanical stimuli

Answer 28

silent nociceptors

Question 29

It is a potent vasodilator, degranulates mast cells, is a chemoattractant for leukocytes, and increases the production and release of inflammatory mediators

Answer 29

substance P, an 11-amino-acid peptide

Question 30

spinal neurons are most often activated by inputs from the?

Answer 30

skin

Question 31

spatial displacement of pain sensation from the site of the injury that produces it is known as?

Answer 31

referred pain.

Question 32

Five categories: Classification of Pain

Answer 32

Duration and severityAnatomical locationBody system involvedCauseTemporal characteristics

Question 33

pain that is of recent onset and resolves quickly

Answer 33

Acute

Question 34

pain that lasts a long time; pain that extends beyond the expected period do healing

Answer 34

Chronic

Question 35

pathways for pain?

Answer 35

ALST

Question 36

The suggestion that pain will worsen following administration of an inert substance can increase its perceived intensity

Answer 36

the nocebo effect).

Question 37

because of opiod receptor in the pathway, some may experience diminish pain by?

Answer 37

Pain Modulation

Question 38

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Needle prick, venipuncture (seconds)

Answer 38

ACUTE PAIN

Question 39

ACUTE OR CHRONICFinger trapped on a car door when it is closed (seconds to minutes)

Answer 39

ACUTE PAIN

Question 40

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Migraine (minutes to hours)

Answer 40

ACUTE PAIN

Question 41

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Angina pectoris (seconds to minutes)

Answer 41

ACUTE PAIN

Question 42

ACUTE OR CHRONIC? Labor pains (hours)

Answer 42

ACUTE PAIN

Question 43

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Dysmenorrhea (days)

Answer 43

ACUTE PAIN

Question 44

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Postoperative pain (days)

Answer 44

ACUTE PAIN

Question 45

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Osteoarthritis

Answer 45

CHRONIC PAIN

Question 46

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Headache from a brain tumor

Answer 46

CHRONIC PAIN

Question 47

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Frozen shoulder / adhesive capsulitis

Answer 47

CHRONIC PAIN

Question 48

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Diabetic neuropathy

Answer 48

CHRONIC PAIN

Question 49

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Cancer pain

Answer 49

CHRONIC PAIN

Question 50

ACUTE OR CHRONIC?Postherpetic neuralgia

Answer 50

CHRONIC PAIN

Question 51

TRUE OR FALSE?Subjective perception of pain is the same from person to person, and within the same person depending on the context

Answer 51

FALSE Subjective perception of pain is different from person to person, and within the same person depending on the context

Question 52

TRUE OR FALSE?A person’s self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health professionals tending to underestimate severity.

Answer 52

TRUEA person’s self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health professionals tending to underestimate severity.

Question 53

Ruptured cerebral aneurysm leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage what kind of headache?

Answer 53

“thunderclap” headache“Worst headache of your life”

Question 54

In nonverbal patients: what do you Observe for specific behaviours about pain?

Answer 54

GrimacingGuardingCrying – babies feel pain but lack the language to report it

Question 55

pain arising from a perturbation of the body

Answer 55

Somatogenic

Question 56

– pain arising from a perturbation of the mind

Answer 56

Psychogenic

Question 57

Diagnosis usually made when all physical / organic causes have been ruled out

Answer 57

Psychogenic

Question 58

due to stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond only to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (TYPE OF SOMATOGENIC PAIN?)

Answer 58

Nociceptive

Question 59

caused by damage or disease affecting the nervous system(TYPE OF SOMATOGENIC PAIN?)

Answer 59

Neuropathic

Question 60

Examples of Thermal Nociceptive Pain

Answer 60

FrostbiteFirst degree and second degree burnsSipping a hot cup of Starbucks coffeeHolding a piece of dry iceA baby placed in a container with boiling water

Question 61

Examples of Mechanical Nociceptive Pain

Answer 61

FractureA bump on the headA liver abscess distending the Glisson’s capsuleAn open woundDog bite

Question 62

Examples of Chemical Nociceptive Pain

Answer 62

Alcohol on an open woundAcid thrown on the faceMuriatic acid ingestion

Question 63

involves the skin (superficial), joints, muscles, tendon and ligaments (deep)usually sharp, well-defined and easy to localize

Answer 63

Somatic pain

Question 64

usually dull, vague and difficult to localizeInvolves the internal organs

Answer 64

Visceral pain

Question 65

nociception from a visceral organ is sensed to be coming from an area distant from the site of the stimulus

Answer 65

Referred pain

Question 66

pain perceived to be from a part of the body that has been lost or from which the brain no longer receives signals

Answer 66

Phantom Pain

Question 67

A type of neuropathic pain

Answer 67

Phantom Pain

Question 68

A common experience of amputees

Answer 68

Phantom Pain

Question 69

Local anaesthetic injection into the nerves of the stump may relieve the pain

Answer 69

Phantom Pain

Question 70

Excitement of sportcauses?

Answer 70

Episodic Analgesia

Question 71

During warcauses what to pain?

Answer 71

Episodic Analgesia

Question 72

typically has an unusual burning, tingling, or electric shock–like quality and may be triggered by very light touch

Answer 72

Neuropathic pain

Question 73

a greatly exaggerated pain sensation to innocuous or mild nociceptive stimuli

Answer 73

Hyperpathia

Question 74

Hyperpathia also characteristic of what kind of pain?

Answer 74

neuropathic pain

Question 75

very lightest moving stimulus evokes exquisite pain

Answer 75

allodynia

Question 76

Damaged primary afferent nociceptors acquire adrenergic sensitivity and can be activated by stimulation of the sympathetic outflow. This constellation of spontaneous pain and signs of sympathetic dysfunction following injury has been termed

Answer 76

complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)

Question 77

(CRPS)

Answer 77

complex regional pain syndrome (

Question 78

(CRPS). When this occurs after an identifiable nerve injury, it is termed

Answer 78

CRPS type II

Question 79

CRPS type II (also known as

Answer 79

posttraumatic neuralgia or, if severe, causalgia).

Question 80

what kind of (CRPS) with clinical picture appears without obvious nerve injury, it is termed ?

Answer 80

CRPS type I

Question 81

CRPS type I (also known as

Answer 81

reflex sympathetic dystrophy

Question 82

the most com- mon emotional disturbance in patients with chronic pain,

Answer 82

depression

Question 83

useful screening device for depression?

Answer 83

Beck Depression Inventory