Pain

Question 1

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. provokes withdrawal response to prevent further injury

Answer 1

pain

Question 2

immediately after the injury has occurred when tissue damage is involved. less than 6 months

Answer 2

acute pain

Question 3

lasts longer than 6 months. persistent pain. continues after noxious stimuli is no longer there

Answer 3

chronic pain

Question 4

perceived in an area that has little relation to the existing pathology

Answer 4

referred pain

Question 5

irritation of nerves that cause pain radiating down the nerve path

Answer 5

radiating pain

Question 6

pain associated with a sclerotome (segment of bone innervated by a spinal segment)

Answer 6

deep somatic pain

Question 7

activated by light touch

Answer 7

Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 8

respond to deep pressure

Answer 8

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 9

respond to deep pressure, but more slowly than pacinian, and also are activated by hair follicle deflection

Answer 9

Merkel’s corpuscles

Question 10

sensitive to touch, tension, and heat

Answer 10

Ruffini corpuscles

Question 11

thermoreceptors that react to a decrease in temperature and light touch

Answer 11

Krause’s end bulbs

Question 12

free nerve endings. Sensitive to extreme mechanical, thermal, or chemical energy. Respond to noxious stimuli

Answer 12

Nociceptors

Question 13

transmit from periphery sensory receptors to the dorsal horn.

Answer 13

First order neurons

Question 14

3 types of 1st order neurons

Answer 14

A-Delta
A-Beta
C-fibers

Question 15

carry sensory info from spinal cord to the brain

Answer 15

second order neurons

Question 16

sends info to the sensory cortex in the brain to transmit pain signals

Answer 16

third order neurons

Question 17

Largest motor nerves. Myelinated. N: skeletal mm fibers

Answer 17

A fibers

Question 18

responsible for muscular contractions that generates the force of the muscle

Answer 18

extrafusal fibers

Question 19

responsible for sensing changes in mm fiber length and rate of change in mm length. Inside mm itself

Answer 19

intrafusal fibers

Question 20

specialized sensory receptor that senses tension in the mm.

Answer 20

Golgi tendon organs GTO

Question 21

large, myelinated efferent nerve. N: extrafusal mm fibers

Answer 21

ALPHA motor

Question 22

smaller, myelinated efferent nerve. N: intrafusal mm fibers

Answer 22

GAMMA motor

Question 23

Very fast, myelinated afferent nerve. Divided into IA and IB fibers

Answer 23

A ALPHA

Question 24

carries info regarding mm change in length and the rate of that change

Answer 24

IA

Question 25

carries info regarding tension in the tendon, N: GTO

Answer 25

IB

Question 26

medium, myelinated afferent nerve. Fast touch and proprioception. Gate Control Theory

Answer 26

A BETA

Question 27

small, myelinated afferent nerves. 20% of pain transmitting fibers. Acute pain

Answer 27

A DELTA

Question 28

Slow, unmyelinated afferent nerve. Skin, mm, viscera. 80% of pain transmitting fibers. Chronic pain

Answer 28

C fibers

Question 29

causes depolarization of the post synaptic membrane through a neurotransmitter

Answer 29

excitatory stimulus

Question 30

causes hyperpoarization at the synapse

Answer 30

inhibitory stimulus

Question 31

neuron which transmits pain signals, cell body is in the dorsal root ganglia. causes release of substance p when stimulated

Answer 31

nociception

Question 32

initiates afferent impulses towards the spinal cord. transmitter between neurons at the dorsal horn.

Answer 32

substance p

Question 33

severity of pain sensation is determined by the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the T cells in the spinal cord. Stimulation blocks pain impulses

Answer 33

Gate Control Theory

Question 34

A BETA stimulation blocks A DELTA and C fiber impulses

Answer 34

Gate Control Theory

Question 35

chemical mediator that excites pain transmitting neurons in the dorsal horn of spinal cord

Answer 35

Substance P

Question 36

Endorphins help regulate pain in times of high emotional stress.

Answer 36

Endorphin Theory