Pain Flashcards
(49 cards)
Pain is what the patient says it is
Meinhart and McCaffrey, 1983
Craig and Williams 2017 (stress definition)
Pain is a distressing experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage with sensory, emotional, cognitive and social components
Koleck et al 2012
Pain has numerous social factors underlying it e.g. social support, isolation, changing of social roles, social coping etc.
Social support = lower levels of acute pain, regardless of it being a friend or a stranger
Brown et al, 2003
Gatchel 1996
Social support is said to play an increased role in pain management as pain becomes more chronic
Satisfaction with social support is significantly associated with depressed mood and pain intensity
Lopez-Matinez et al 2008
Perez, 2018
Family cohesion predicts openness to and acceptance of pain (chronic) and improvement in therapy - pain management
Individual social functioning has also been linked with higher symptomology and worse treatment outcome in adolescents
Wurm et al 2017
Pinto et al 2018
factors relating to emotional distress pre-surgical anxiety and surgical fear - linked with long term surgical consequences
Pain tolerance is increased by relaxation - ‘mindfulness’/meditation and cognitive rehearsal
Bobey and Davidson 1990
Turk 2002
Much empirical evidence for psychology effectively treating chronic pain
Phantom limb pain - similar to other chronic pain syndromes in that episodes are greatly influenced by psychological factors e.g. stress and depression
So can control these with CBT
Sherman et al 2000
Linton 2001
Substantial reduction in number of cases of back pain exposure to psychological risk factor was eliminated
Congenital analgesia - can’t feel physical pain, leading to repeated and severe injuries
Losa et al 1989
Dickenson 2012
Physical factors can be controlled with pharmacological interventions - if control the physical pain, psychological factors influenced by this will be reduced, improving social aspects
Understanding the physiology of pain is more important than the psychological and social factors to understanding –> treating
Calvin and Fallon 2017
Craig and Williams 2017
pain is a distressing experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage with sensory, emotional, cognitive or social components
Pain is what the patient says it is
Meinhart and McCaffrey 1983
Wilson and Doyle 1996
Understanding child pain is important - they may not be able to communicate the pain or understand it and to validate parents worries
Important to measure pain - inform treatment, increase understanding, understand severity and whether treatment is necessary
Ogden 2009
Tarbell et al 1992
Toddler-Preschooler Postoperative Pain Scale (TPPPS) Observational scale, ages 1-5 1) Vocal pain 2) Facial pain expression 3) Bodily pain expression
Faces scale - shown to be appropriate in child acute pain
4/5 years old - suitable due to linear interval scale similarity
Hicks et al 2001
Recurrent pain in childhood is more common and we must catch chronic pain early to help with everyday functioning
Child Activity Limitations Interview (CALI): Assessing functional impairment in children with chronic pain
Palermo et al 2004
Fortier and Kain, 2014
60% of young children undergoing surgery to combat pain/anaesthesia report significant anxiety - dear about surgery and separation from parents
