Pain Pathophysiology Flashcards

(29 cards)

1
Q

__ is defined as “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage.”

A

pain

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2
Q

Over __ million people in the US live with chronic pain

A

100

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3
Q

__ million Americans will experience acute pain due to injury or surgery in one year

A

25

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4
Q

The estimated economic burden of pain is greater than __ billion US dollars annually

A

500

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5
Q

Five distinct steps of pain processing?

TCTMP

A
T - transduction
C - conduction
T - transmission
M - modulation
P - perception
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6
Q

__ is the stimulation oof specialized nerve fiber receptors known as nociceptors that are found in somatic or visceral locations

A

transduction

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7
Q

__ are activated and sensitized by mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli due to the release and activation of cytokines and chemokines.

A

nociceptors

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8
Q

___ is activation of the nociceptors leading to conversion of the chemical signal into and electrical signal (action potential)

A

conduction

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9
Q

Which nerve fibers are large-diameter, sparsely myelinated and evoke sharp and well localized pain?

A-delta or C-polymodal?

A

A-delta

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10
Q

Which nerve fibers are small diameter, ummyelinated and evoke aching and poorly localized pain?

A-delta or C-polymodal?

A

C-polymodal

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11
Q

__ is afferent nociceptive nerve fibers synapse in the laminae of the dorsal horn in the spinal cord?

A

transmission

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12
Q

Which step of pain processing involves voltage gated sodium channels?

A

conduction

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13
Q

Which step of pain processing involves N-type voltage gated calcium channels?

A

transmission

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14
Q

Transmission signals reach the brain through ascending spinal cord pathways with the __ acting as the relay station within the brain

A

thalamus

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15
Q

Transmission:

The electrical signal is converted back into a chemical signal by releasing __ and __ regulated by N-type voltage gated calcium channels

A

glutamate, substance P

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16
Q

Modulation:

Glutamate or substance P can make pain signals ___ intense.

a. less
b. more

17
Q

Sensation of pain varies in individuals due to ___

18
Q

Modulation:

The pain signal can b e inhibited by descending pathways that consists of:

A
  • enkephalins/beta endorphins
  • GABA
  • norepinephrine
  • serotonin
  • NMDA
19
Q

Which fibers are myelinated for fast conduction?

A or C

A

A

C are non-myelinated, associated with dull pain

20
Q

What part of brain responsible for emotional dimension of pain perception?

A

frontal cortex

21
Q

Which part of brain responsible for location and intensity of pain perception?

A

somatosensory cortex

22
Q

__ pain is also known as pathophysiologic pain.

A

maladaptive

different from nociceptive pain

23
Q

Neuropathic pain, IBS, and neuropathic pain produce __ pain

24
Q

Acute pain is duration less than ___ days

25
Acute pain is usually nociceptive a. true b. false
a. true
26
Chronic pain is categorized into __ vs __ pain
cancer, non-cancer
27
Vitamin B12 and TSH tests are associated with chronic or acute pain?
chronic
28
What pain assessment is used in pediatrics?
FLACC
29
What pain assessment is used in ICU pts?
CPOT