Pain Science

Question 1

specificity theory

Answer 1

dedicated fiber that leads to specific pathway to region of the brain specific to that fiber

Question 2

intensity theory

Answer 2

not a specific fiber but rather certain stimuli (light touch vs, very painful touch) have different required thresholds

Question 3

pattern theory

Answer 3

sensation occurs due to specific pattern of neural firing based on stimulus type and intensity

Question 4

gate theory

Answer 4

substantia gelatinosa in dorsal horn acts as a “gate” due to its modulating effect via bottom-up and top-down mechanisms

Question 5

central sensitization

Answer 5

central nervous system becomes more sensitive to pain and other sensory stimuli, often leading to increased sensitivity, pain, and a range of other symptoms

Question 6

nociceptor

Answer 6

peripheral nerve terminal that can be activated by changes in mechanical, thermal, or chemical state of tissues of the body

Question 7

nociception

Answer 7

neural processes of encoding and processing noxious stimuli

Question 8

a fiber is what system

Answer 8

warning system

Question 9

c fiber is what warning system

Answer 9

reminding system

Question 10

nociceptive pain

Answer 10

activation of peripheral receptors of primary afferent neurons
-associated with tissue damage

Question 11

non-nociceptive pain

Answer 11

experienced independently of tissue damage and dysfunction of neural pain regulating mechanisms

Question 12

neuropathic pain

Answer 12

caused by lesion of dysfunction in the peripheral nervous system

Question 13

nociplastic pain

Answer 13

lesion of dysfunction of the CNS

Question 14

sensory-discriminative assessment

Answer 14

intensity, location, quality

Question 15

cognitive-evaluative assessment

Answer 15

pain catastrophizing scale, brief pain inventory, fear-avoidance belief questionnaire

Question 16

motivational- affective assessment

Answer 16

context and behavior

Question 17

within-session changes

Answer 17

-selecting and modifying interventions based on test-treat-retest
-helps patient assess benefit of treatment
-playing with symptoms

Question 18

between-session changes

Answer 18

-letting clinical manifestations play out
-helps clinician assess benefit of treatment
-monitoring symptoms

Question 19

local pain

Answer 19

noxious stimulation of nociceptors of a structure

Question 20

visceral /somatic referred pain

Answer 20

convergence of nociceptive afferents on second-order neurons in spinal cord

Question 21

radicular pain

Answer 21

ectopic discharges from dorsal root and/or ganglion

Question 22

graded activity

Answer 22

engaging in patient activity levels in a progressive manner

Question 23

graded exposure

Answer 23

engaging in feared/avoided movements in a progressive manner

Question 24

biomedical ingredient

Answer 24

serious life-threating pathology, non-life threating pathology, injury type, presentation type, pain mechanisms
-goal, is it safe to being moving/loading?

Question 25

psychosocial ingredient

Answer 25

coping styles/strategies, distress, behaviors, socio-economic factors, expectations, satisfactions, emotion, family, fears, concerns

Question 26

impairment ingredient

Answer 26

sensitive tissues and movements, altered movement patterns and biomechanics, loss of ROM, decreased strength, coordination problems, neuro abnormalities -goal, shared-decision making

Question 27

disability/functional ingredient

Answer 27

what a patient reports they can no longer do or have difficulty doing as a result of their problem goal- lets see what they can do

Question 28

general health ingredient

Answer 28

physical activity level, tolerance, enjoyment, preference, sleep, nutrition, energy goal- make it simple or start easy

Question 29

pain ingredient

Answer 29

medications, movements, rest, supports, avoidance, modalities, manual therapy, relaxation, re-assurance, acceptance, distraction, de-sensitizing, laughter, confidence goal- calm things down