(PALM 306) Exam 2

Question 1

Which of the following are effective ergonomic methods to reduce or prevent MSDs during embedding?

 

Answer 1

Change hands frequently
Use ergonomic forceps
Use a magnifying glass

Question 2

Which of the following is a water soluble wax?

Answer 2

Carbowax

Question 3

Which of the following could be a cause of dark, hazy nuclei and cell shrinkage staining effects?

Answer 3

Overprocessing

Question 4

Which of the following best describes how dehydration is accomplished during routine processing?

Answer 4

Water is removed by gradually increasing the concentration of alcohol

Question 5

Tissues processed on the schedule above are overhardened. What improvement can be made to this schedule to help alleviate this problem?

Answer 5

Remove vacuum from the stations

Question 6

Prolonged periods of time in clearing agents will:

Answer 6

harden tissue

Question 7

Bone should be embedded:

Answer 7

at an angle

Question 8

Which is true of xylene, but not xylene substitutes?

Answer 8

There are no restrictions on mounting media

Question 9

Rapid solidifying of paraffin at embedding is important to:

Answer 9

ensure the smallest crystal size

Question 10

As the melting point increases, the paraffin becomes:

Answer 10

Harder

Question 11

During embedding, the tissue appears soft and mushy. In order to remove the paraffin from the tissue for reprocessing, which reagent would the tissue be placed in?

Answer 11

Xylene

Question 12

With tissue that has not been embedded on the same plane, what would be the best course of action?

Answer 12

Melt down and re-embed

Question 13

From the following list, which one must be miscible with alcohol and paraffin?

Answer 13

Clearant

Question 14

It is observed during embedding that tissues seem to be very hard and brittle. Which of the following could be an explanation?

Answer 14

Paraffin is too hot

Question 15

Tertiary butanol may be used in histology tissue processing as a/n:

Answer 15

universal solvent

Question 16

Which of the following clearants is a xylene substitute?

Answer 16

Alkane

Question 17

The schedule above would be best suited for processing which type of tissue?

Answer 17

Surgical resections

Question 18

The paraffin temperature and warm areas on an embedding center should be set how many degrees above the melting point of the paraffin being used?

Answer 18

2-4ºC

Question 19

Plastics or polymers are added to paraffin to:

Answer 19

Increase hardness

Question 20

Noticeable cassette marks are present in some tissues at embedding. Which is the most likely cause?

Answer 20

Tissue was grossed too thick

Question 21

Which dehydrant is typically used for microwave processing?

Answer 21

Isopropanol

Question 22

How many degrees above the paraffin melting point should paraffin in the tissue processor be heated?

Answer 22

2 - 4ºC

Question 23

Which of the following is considered to be the best dehydrant?

Answer 23

Ethanol

Question 24

Which of the following xylene substitutes cannot be used on automated coverslippers?

Answer 24

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Question 25

Which of the following clearing reagents does not overharden tissue, has a high tolerance for water contamination and is very expensive?

Answer 25

Toluene

Question 26

Which of the following tissue types is most susceptible to damage when pressing firmly to ensure proper embedding?

Answer 26

Brain

Question 27

Adjustments to the number of processing stations and times are likely necessary when switching to xylene substitutes.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Which of the following methods for cleaning embedding molds is not recommended?

Answer 28

Using the cleaning cylce of the processor

Question 29

Which of the following are universal solvents?

Answer 29

Dioxane and tetrahydrofuran

Question 30

Which of the following are potential causes of tissue damage at embedding?

Answer 30

Overheated surfaces Overheated paraffin Applying too much pressure

Question 31

To obtain a section of small intestine showing all layers, the tissue must be embedded:

Answer 31

on edge

Question 32

Which of the following is a method used to indicate orientation at embedding?

Answer 32

Inking the tissue

Question 33

Place the steps for tissue processing in the proper order.

Answer 33

Dehydration Clearing Infiltration

Question 34

Dehydrating tissues in graded alcohols (gradually increasing concentration), as compared to placing tissue directly into absolute alcohol, will:

Answer 34

cause less distortion of tissue

Question 35

Which of the following chemicals is not a dehydrant?

Answer 35

Chloroform

Question 36

The best embedding media for undecalcified bone is:

Answer 36

Methacrylate

Question 37

Microchatter is an artifact that can be caused by:

Answer 37

Overprocessing

Question 38

From the following, choose a method used to prevent cross contamination when embedding tissue.

Answer 38

Wipe forceps between specimens

Question 39

Tubular structures should be embedded:

Answer 39

on end

Question 40

A piece of gallbladder is incorrectly oriented at embedding so that only the mucosa layer is seen when microscopically reviewing the stained slide. Which would be the best correction?

Answer 40

Melt down the block and re-embed

Question 41

Which of the following infiltrating media is routinely used for electron microscopy?

Answer 41

Epoxy resin

Question 42

Upon microscopic evaluation, the staining appears patchy or washed out on all of the tissues processed on the same schedule at the same time. What could be an explanation for this?

Answer 42

Tissues were underprocessed

Question 43

The processing schedule above would be best used for:

Answer 43

Biopsies

Question 44

Which infiltration media would be used for dense, hard tissues?

Answer 44

Celloidin

Question 45

Multiple skin sections must be embedded with the skin surface facing:

Answer 45

The same direction

Question 46

To prevent tissue loss during embedding, it is important to:

Answer 46

Open each cassette carefully and check the lid

Question 47

Which of the following reagents would be the best dehydration substitute for ethanol to avoid federal regulations?

Answer 47

Reagent alcohol