PAMs

Question 1

Cryotherapy Effects

Answer 1

Reliefs pain
Controls edema
Decreases abnormal tone
Used for acute injuries and post-surgical repair

Question 2

Cryotherapy Indications

Answer 2

Acute pain, spasticity, edema

Question 3

Cryotherapy precautions and contraindications

Answer 3

Impaired sensation, peripheral vascular disease, reynaud’s, leukemia, open wound

Question 4

Thermotherapy effects

Answer 4

Relieves pain
Increased tissue extensibility prior to ROM
Assists with wound healing
Increases blood flow
Decreases muscle spasm

Question 5

Thermotherapy precautions and contraindications

Answer 5

Acute inflammation, edema, sensory impairment, cancer, infection, cardiac impairment, DVT, RA

Question 6

Hot and ice pack mechanism

Answer 6

Superficial thermal conduction

Question 7

Continuous ultrasound effects

Answer 7

THERMAL
Increase blood flow and tissue permeability
Decrease pain
Increase tissue extensibility
Reduce muscle spasm

Question 8

Pulsed ultrasound effects

Answer 8

Increase protein synthesis, bone healing m decrease inflammation

Question 9

Phonophpresis

Answer 9

Use of US and medication (hydrocortisone or dexamethasone) to support tissue healing and inflammation

Question 10

Ultrasound precautions and contraindications

Answer 10

Cancer, pregnancy, pacemaker, infection, over growth plates, caution with fx, implants and cognitive impairments, acute inflammation, osteoporosis

Question 11

Ultrasound mechanism

Answer 11

Deep conversion (thermal or non-thermal)

Question 12

NMES effects

Answer 12

Wound healing, increase ROM, muscle strengthening, decrease edema, facilitated voluntary motor movement, decrease spasticity

Question 13

TENS effects

Answer 13

Pain control

Question 14

Iontophoresis

Answer 14

Use of electrical stimulation and medication (dexamethasone) for inflammation and pain control

Question 15

Electrical stimulation precautions and contraindications

Answer 15

Pacemakers, carotid sinus, pregnancy, epilepsy, cancer, infection, cardiac disease, early stage tendon repair, exposed metal, across broken skin

Question 16

When is ice most commonly used

Answer 16

Acute injury to relieve pain and inflammation

Question 17

What can happen when using hot pack

Answer 17

Blood rushing lead to inflammation (manage benefits of hot pack use vs. associated inflammation)

Question 18

Last resort for edema if HEP and intervention is not moving edema

Answer 18

Contrast bath