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MIDS 127 > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

-Anterior portion retroperitoneum
-Not an encapsulated organ

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2
Q

What are the portions of the pancreas?

A

-Head/uncinate process
-Neck
-Body
-Tail

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3
Q

What does endocrine produce?

A

Hormone production
-into blood or soft tissue

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4
Q

What does exocrine produce?

A

Produces digestive enzymes
-into a duct

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5
Q

Head measurement?

A

2-3.5cm AP

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6
Q

Location of head?

A

-Anterior to IVC
-Right and inferior to body/tail
-Right of SMV/SV confluence
-Inferior to MPV and caudate
-Medial to duodenum

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7
Q

Where is the uncinate process?

A

-Curved tip at the head
-Posterior/behind and medial to head
-Anterior to IVC
-Posterior to SMV

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8
Q

Location of neck?

A

-Between head and body
-Anterior to SMV/SV confluence

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9
Q

Location of body?

A

-Anterior to AO, SMA, LRV
-Posterior to antrum of stomach

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10
Q

Body measurement?

A

2-3cm AP

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11
Q

Tail measurement?

A

1-2cm AP

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12
Q

Location of tail?

A

-Bordered posteriorly by SV
-Anterior to stomach
-Lateral to LK
-Extends into splenic hilum
(Obstructed by gas b/c close to stomach)

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13
Q

What does the pancreatic duct do?

A

Transports digestive enzymes from pancreatic tissue to duodenum via the ampulla of vater

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14
Q

Pancreatic duct measurements?

A

-Head is 3mm
-Body is 2.1mm
-Tail is 1.6mm

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15
Q

What is the duct of santorini?

A

Smaller accessory duct off main pancreatic duct that makes a hole (perforates) into duodenum separately

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16
Q

What arteries supply the head?

A

-GDA (gastroduodenal artery)
-SPDA (superior pancreaticoduodenal artery)

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17
Q

What arteries supply the body/tail?

A

IPDA (inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery)

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18
Q

What veins supplies the venous drainage?

A

-SMV
-SV

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19
Q

What hormones does endocrine/islets of Langerhans produce?

A

-Insulin (beta cells - metabolism of carbs into energy)
-Glucagon (alpha cells - conversion into glucose)
-Somatostatin (delta cells - regulates insulin and glucagon)

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20
Q

Diabetes is an imbalance in?

A

Insulin

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21
Q

What hormones do exocrine/acini cells produce?

A

-Amylase (carb digestion)
-Lipase (fat digestion)
-Trypsinogen (protein digestion)
-Chymotrypsinogen (protein digestion)
-Bicarbonate (neutralizes acidic gastric enzymes and triggers pancreatic enzymes into duodenum)

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22
Q

When will amylase be increased/decreased?

A

-Increased when there is a disease
-Decreased when there is permanent damage

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23
Q

When will lipase be increased?

A

-With inflammatory diseases

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24
Q

What is steatorrhea?

A

Increased fat in stool

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25
Will the echogenicity of the liver be the same in adults vs pediatrics?
No, it will look hypoechoic in pediatrics because they have less fat
26
What do acini cells do?
Perform exocrine functions (digestive enzymes)
27
What do alpha cells do?
Perform endocrine functions (secretes glucagon)
28
What do beta cells do?
Perform endocrine functions (secretes insulin)
29
What do delta cells do?
Performs endocrine functions (secretes somatostatin)
30
What does endocrine do?
Secretes into blood or tissue
31
What does exocrine do?
Secretes into a duct
32
What artery does NOT supply the pancreas with blood?
SMA
33
Where does the pancreatic head lie in relation to the surrounding veins?
Lies anterior to the SMV/SV confluence
34
What is the m/c anomaly?
Panc divisum (when dorsal + ventral don't fuse together into 1 duct, now 2 ducts)
35
What is annular process?
-M/c males -Associated with congenital anomalies -Occurs when head panc surrounds 2nd part duodenum
36
What is hypoechoic ventral head?
When the head is diminished by fat
37
Where are the m/c sites for ectopic panc tissue to grow to?
-Stomach -Duodenum -Lg/sm intestines
38
What is panc agenesis?
When dorsal (M/C) or ventral section is missing during development
39
SF of dorsal agenesis?
Round head with absence of neck/body/tail, as bowel moves into this area
40
M/c cause of pancreatolithiasis?
Chronic pancreatitis (appears as many small hyperechoic dots in panc)
41
What are the m/c causes of acute pancreatitis?
-Biliary tract disease (cholelithiasis) -Excessive alcohol intake
42
What is the m/c complication of acute pancreatitis?
Fluid collections
43
Lightbulbs for acute pancreatitis?
-Pain radiating to back (relieved by sitting/bending at waist) -Less than 5 days -Possibly enlarged, or can look normal -Associated with gallstones -Leukocytosis
44
What is the m/c location for panc pseudocyst?
Tail! (make up 75% of cystic lesions in panc)
45
M/c complications with chronic pancreatitis?
-Pseudocysts -Venous thrombosis -Increased risk panc cancer
46
Lightbulbs for chronic pancreatitis?
-Greater than 5 days -Atrophied + fibrotic -Repreated attacks acute -Calcifications -Increased amylase + bilirubin (image looks like very small hyperechoic dots in panc representing calcifications)
47
What is polycystic disease?
-Multiple cysts in kidney, liver, and in last stage will show up in panc (if no cysts present in kidney/liver - think inflammation + not polycystic)
48
M/c cause of polycystic disease?
Family history
49
What is von Hippel Lindau disease?
Affects CNS by developing cysts in several parts of body (peripheral calcifications)
50
Lightbulbs for cystic fibrosis?
-Steatorrhea -Correlates to pancreatitis -M/c in children -Due to excess production of thick mucous by endocrine glands
51
Who is m/c to get neoplastic disease?
African American men
52
Is it common to have panc cancer?
Yes! Often caught late stages tho
53
Are most panc tumours solid or cystic?
Solid (m/c involved panc head)
54
Are malignant cystic neoplasms common?
No, 1% malignant, 75% benign pseudocysts!
55
Is exocrine or endocrine the largest group of panc tumours?
Exocrine
56
What is the m/c panc malignancy?
Adenocarcinoma (in head)
57
SF of adenocarcinoma?
Often hypoechoic, solid, in head
58
Lightbulb for serous cystadenoma?
-Women -Head -Cystic -Calcifications -Less than 2cm
59
Lightbulb for mucinous adenoma?
-Women -Cystic -Body/tail -Big (1-36cm)
60
Lightbulb for IPMN (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms)?
-Elderly men -Malignant potential ("mucinous" in title) -Head -Ductal dilatation
61
Lightbulb for solid pseudopapillary?
-Young women -Head/tail -Mass has cystic + solid components* -Low malignant potential
62
Another name for endocrine neoplasms?
-Neuroendocrine tumours -Islet cell tumours
63
Types of endocrine neoplasms?
-Insulinomas -Gastroinomas -Glucagonomas (uncommon)
64
Lightbulb for insulinoma?
-B cell tumour -Benign -Hyperinsulinism (b/c too much insulin) + hypoglycemia (b/c not enough glucose) -Body/tail -Hyperechoic, 1-2cm
65
Lightbulb for gastrinoma?
-G cell tumour -Malignant (most) -Tail -Hypoechoic -Excess gastrin -Multile sm tumours
66
Are metastases to the panc common?
Nope Primaries: melanoma, breast, GIT, lung

MIDS 127 (14 decks)

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