Pancreas

Question 1

Location of pancreas

Answer 1

in the epigastrium and LT hypochondrium

Question 2

What is the shape of pancreas

Answer 2

Dumbell or comma

Question 3

Facts of the pancreas

Answer 3

• Mostly retroperitoneal
• Transverse oblique organ

Question 4

Total length of pancreas

Answer 4

12 - 18 cm

Question 5

Length of head pancreas..

Answer 5

2 -3 cm

Question 6

Length of neck..

Answer 6

1.5 - 2.5 cm

Question 7

Length of body..

Answer 7

2 -3 cm

Question 8

Length of tail..

Answer 8

1 - 2 cm

Question 9

The length of the splenic vein should be seen in its____

Answer 9

entirety to accurate measure the tail

Question 10

The pancreas head is located..

Answer 10

• Anterior to IVC
• Lateral to PSC
• Inferior to caudate lobe
• Medial / cradled in the c-loop of duodenum
• CBD posterolateral head
• GDA anterolateral head

Question 11

The uncinate process is located..

Answer 11

• Anterior to the IVC
• Posterior to the SMV (PSC)

Question 12

The pancreas neck is located..

Answer 12

• Anterior to the SMV
• Anterior to the PSC

Question 13

Arterial supply of the pancreas includes..

Answer 13

• the pancreaticoduodenal arteries
• branches of the splenic artery

Question 14

Anterior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply the..

Answer 14

• head of pancreas
• pancreatic arcades

Question 15

Which vascular systems are the pancreatic arcades connected to?

Answer 15

• Hepatic
• Splenic
• SMA

Question 16

What organ does the pancreatic splenic artery supply blood to ?

Answer 16

Tail of pancreas

Question 17

Location of pancreatic splenic artery

Answer 17

• Originates from celiac axis
• Runs along the superior edge of the pancreas body and tail.
• Parallel to the SV

Question 18

Pancreas is a ______ and ______ gland

Answer 18

Exocrine and endocrine

Question 19

What percentage of the pancreas makes up an exocrine gland?

Answer 19

90%

Question 20

What percentage of the pancreas makes up an endocrine gland?

Answer 20

10%

Question 21

Exocrine gland function

Answer 21

• Carries out acini cells
  -production of 2 liters of pancreatic juice a day
• Production of enzymes that help digest fats, protein, carbs, and nucleic acids

Question 22

Types of enzymes produced by the pancreas..

Answer 22

Amylase
Lipase
Nucleases
Sodium bicarbonateate
Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carbohoxypepitase

Question 23

Function of amylase enzyme

Answer 23

digests carbs

Question 24

Function of lipase enzyme

Answer 24

digests fat

Question 25

Function of nucleases

Answer 25

digest nucleic acids

Question 26

Function of sodium bicarbonate enzyme

Answer 26

(Largest part of pancreatic juice) neutralized hydrochloric acids from the stomach

Question 27

Pancreatic juice pours into the duodenum through the main pancreatic duct also called the..

Answer 27

Duct of wirsung

Question 28

accessory duct of the exocrine function is also called

Answer 28

The duct of santorini

Question 29

Where the CBD and pancreatic ducts enter discharge substances that aid in the digestive process..

Answer 29

Ampulla of vator

Question 30

The muscle surrounding the ampulla of cater that controls the flow of pancreatic juice

Answer 30

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 31

The endocrine functions only _____

Answer 31

2% pancreatic function

Question 32

Where is the hormonal function located

Answer 32

Islets of Langerhans

Question 33

Types of cells and their actions..

Answer 33

Beta cell: 60-70% of endocrine cells produce insulin to create glycogen. Decreasing blood sugar Alpa cell: 15- 20% produces glucagon to convert glucose. Increasing blood sugar Delta cell: produces somatostatin inhibiting production of insulin and glucose

Question 34

Sonographic appearance of pancreas

Answer 34

Question 35

How long does the patient have to be NPO for imaging a pancreas?

Answer 35

6 - 8 hours

Question 36

How would you be able to create a window with the stomach to help view pancreas

Answer 36

Have patient's drink a glass of water

Question 37

Transverse plane is _____ axis of pancrea

Answer 37

Long

Question 38

Longitudinal plane is _____ axis

Answer 38

short

Question 39

Condition in which a ring of pancreatic tissue surrounds the second portion (C-loop) of the duodenum

Answer 39

Annular pancreas

Question 40

Tissue that has no vascular or structural connection to the body of the pancreas. Because ectopic tissues may be as small as 1 cm in size, the condition can be difficult to detect with sonography ?

Answer 40

Ectopic (heterotopic, aberrant) pancreas:

Question 41

When Sonographically, the tail may appear to be grossly enlarged that is a rare variation

Answer 41

Partial duplication of the pancreas tail

Question 42

Reasons why pancreas sonograms are done..

Answer 42

- Associated biliary obstruction - Diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of acute and chronic pancreatitis - Diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of pancreatic pseudocysts - Endoscopic pancreatic ultrasound for identification of pancreatic lesions on patients whose CT results were inconclusive