pancreas

Question 1

where is the pancreas located

Answer 1

back of abdomen behind the stomach

Question 2

what do alpha cells secrete

Answer 2

glucagon

Question 3

what do beta cells secrete

Answer 3

insulin

Question 4

which cells secrete somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide

Answer 4

delta

Question 5

Acini glands secrete digestive juices into ____

Answer 5

duodenum

Question 6

Insulin causes carbs to be stored as ____ in ___ and ___

Answer 6

glycogen, muscle, liver

Question 7

insulin causes ___ storage in adipose tissue

Answer 7

fat

Question 8

excess carb that cannot be converted to glycogen are converted to ____ and stored ___

Answer 8

fats, adipose tissue

Question 9

insulin promotes uptake of ___ and converstion to ___

Answer 9

amino acids and protein

Question 10

amino acids lead to insulin stimulation or inhibition?

Answer 10

stimulation

Question 11

beta-keto acids lead to insulin stimulation or inhibition?

Answer 11

stimulation

Question 12

acethylcholine, intestinal hormones lead to insulin stimulation or inhibition?

Answer 12

stimuation

Question 13

sulfonlura drugs lead to insulin stimulation or inhibition?

Answer 13

stimulation

Question 14

catecholamines (alpha-agonists) lead to insulin stimulation or inhibition?

Answer 14

inhibition

Question 15

somatostain lead to insulin stimulation or inhibition?

Answer 15

inhibition

Question 16

T/F Insulin circulates bound to albumin

Answer 16

FALSE - circulates almost entirely unbound with plasma half life of 6min

Question 17

____ degrades unused insulin in liver, some degraded by kidney, muscles

Answer 17

insulinase

Question 18

T/F Neurons are permeable to glucose

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Anabolic effects of insulin - ______ glycogenolysis

Answer 19

inhibits

Question 20

Anabolic effects of insulin - ______ gluconeogensis

Answer 20

inhibits

Question 21

Anabolic effects of insulin - ______ glycogenesis

Answer 21

increases - glycogen is storage form of glucose

Question 22

anabolic effects of insulin - faciliatates entry of glucose into cells of all tissues except ___, ___ , ____, and ____

Answer 22

brain, kidney tubuless, intestinal mucose, and RBCs

Question 23

anabolic effects of insulin means

Answer 23

storing glucose for later use

Question 24

anabolic effects of insulin - ___ hepatic uptake, storage, and use of glucose

Answer 24

increases

Question 25

anabolic effects of insulin - ____ protein synthesis

Answer 25

increases

Question 26

anabolic effects of insulin - ___ protein catabolism and ____ gluconeogenesis

Answer 26

inhibits, depresses

Question 27

insulin ___ fat synthesis and storage and ___ lipolysis enzymes

Answer 27

increases and inhibits

Question 28

exercise and insulin ___ permeability and amino acid uptake

Answer 28

increase

Question 29

glucagon ___ blood glucose concentration and can cause ___

Answer 29

increases, hyperglycemia

Question 30

Glucagon is catabolic - generally opposes insulin but ___ insulin release

Answer 30

stimulates

Question 31

glucagon activates enzymes for ____

Answer 31

glycogenolysis

Question 32

glucagon ___ gluconeogenesis

Answer 32

increases

Question 33

glucagon ___ lipolysis and ketogenesis

Answer 33

increases (inhibits triglyceride storage in liver

Question 34

glucagon ___ proteolysis and flow of amino acids from muscle to liver for gluconeogenesis

Answer 34

increases

Question 35

T/F Glucagon enhances heart strength, increases blood flow in some tissues, enhances bile secretion, and inhibits gastrc acid secretion

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

amino acides (protein meal) ___ glucagon

Answer 36

stimulates

Question 37

beta-adrenergic stimulation ___ glucagon

Answer 37

stimulates

Question 38

T/F Exercise stimulates insulin

Answer 38

FALSE -- glucagon. not associated with hypoglycemia, but may be a response to increased circulating amino acids

Question 39

cholecystokinin, gastrin, and cortisol ___ glucagon

Answer 39

stimulates

Question 40

high glucose levels, somatostatin, free fatty acids, ketones, and insulin ___ glucagon

Answer 40

inhibit

Question 41

Carb Metabolism - Anabolic (synthesis) Post prandial phase: - insulin release begins at ___mg/dl glucose - peaks at ___ - after eating, plasma insulin concentration increases almost 10-fold in __min due to dumping of preformed, stored insulin - level decreases in ___min - at __min, new insulin plateau is reached d/t more release and synthesis - shut off is in ___ after level under ___

Answer 41

``` 100 4-600 10-fold in 3-5min 5-10min 15 3-5 min, under 80 ```

Question 42

in the catabolic phase (fasting), needs are met only by ___ sources

Answer 42

endogenous

Question 43

T/F the brain can function on glucose and ketones

Answer 43

TRUE

Question 44

what happens at 12-24h of catabolic phase

Answer 44

liver glycogen is sufficient for the brain

Question 45

what happens at 24h of catabolic phase:

Answer 45

gluconeogenesis uses AA's glycerol and lactate to make glucose

Question 46

T/F Days 2-4 of carb metabolism- fat stores broken down to free fatty acids for tissues, some glucose, but primarily ketones for brain

Answer 46

TRUE