final review

Question 1

4 types of hormones

Answer 1

peptide and protein
thyroid
catecholamines
steriod

Question 2

what mediates temp regulation

Answer 2

anterior hypothalamus/preoptic nuclei

Question 3

hypothermia ___ PVR

Answer 3

increases

Question 4

hypothermia causes CO levels in blood to ___

Answer 4

decrease - think decreased metabolism

Question 5

T/F: cerebral oxygen consumption increases 7% for each 1C decrease

Answer 5

FALSE - Decreases

Question 6

T/F Mac decreases 5-7% for every 1C decrease

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

The ___ compartment consists of the limbs, skin, and subcutaneous tissue and has ___ of the body’s heat content

Answer 7

peripheral, 1/3

Question 8

The ___ compartment consists of the major thoracic and abd organs and brain and holds ___ of the body’s heat content

Answer 8

core, 2/3

Question 9

The difference btween core and peripheral body temp is maintained by ___

Answer 9

vasoconstriction

Question 10

major method of heat loss to the environment

Answer 10

radiation

Question 11

T/F in the first hour after induction of anesthesia there is a ___ decrease in core temp because of peripheral vasodilation

Answer 11

1-1.5

Question 12

BMR decreases ___ with GA decreasing heat production in the next ___h

Answer 12

20-40%, 2-3h

Question 13

one unit of blood or one liter of room temp crystalloid decrease core body temp by __degreesC

Answer 13

.25

Question 14

T/F GA promotes vasodilation, decreases metabolic rate/heat production , and decrease hypothamaic responsiveness to hypothermia

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

BMR decreases __% per year beyond age 30

Answer 15

1%

Question 16

postop shivering is induced by cooling of ____ which causes the involuntary oscillatory muscular activity to increase heat production

Answer 16

pre-optic region of hypothalamus

Question 17

during bacteremia (sepsis), pyogens cause release of ___ , increasing the set point for temp in the hypothal

Answer 17

interleukin one. this leads to heat conservation (vasoconstriction) and increased heat production (shivering)

Question 18

the pituitary gland has ___ divisions

Answer 18

4

Question 19

somatotropes secrete

Answer 19

GH

Question 20

corticotropes secrete

Answer 20

ACTH

Question 21

thyrotropes secrete

Answer 21

TSH

Question 22

gonadotropes secrete

Answer 22

FSH/LH

Question 23

lactrotropes secrete

Answer 23

prolactin

Question 24

anterior pituitary - adenohypophysis - regulates…

Answer 24

thyroid, adrenal, mammry, GH, gonads, melanocytes

Question 25

posterior pit produces

Answer 25

oxytocin and ADH

Question 26

posterior pit produces oxytocin and ADH which are synthesized in the ____ and secreted from ____

Answer 26

hypothalamus , pituitary

Question 27

ADH is made where

Answer 27

supraoptic nucleus

Question 28

ADH increases permeability of the

Answer 28

collecting ducts, increasing free water reabsorption

Question 29

V1 receptor has a ___ effect, while V2 receptor has ___ effect

Answer 29

pressor, ADH

Question 30

T/F stimulus for release of ADH is osmoreceptor in hypothalamus activated by plasma osmolality >290

Answer 30

true. when youre too concentrated you want ADH so you can hang on to water

Question 31

large volume changes activate barorecptors in __ and ____

Answer 31

carotid sinus and aortic arch

Question 32

SIADH you have ___natremia , ___ urine, and ____ plasma

Answer 32

hypo, concentrated, dilute

Question 33

DI you have ____osmotic urine and ___plasma

Answer 33

hypoosmotic urine and hyperosmotic plasma

Question 34

hypernatremia causes ___ MAC

Answer 34

increased

Question 35

what does the thyroid gland produce

Answer 35

T4 T3 calcitonin

Question 36

T__ is more potent than T__ but it is more scarce and cleared more rapidly

Answer 36

3, 4

Question 37

T/F The thyroid secretes 93% thyroxine (T4) and 7% T3 triiodothyonine, though nearly all is converted to T3 in the tissues

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

TRH is released from the ___

Answer 38

hypothalamus

Question 39

TRH causes release of ___ by the ___

Answer 39

TSH anterior pit

Question 40

T/F 99% of TH is free in the plasma

Answer 40

FALSE bound to protein

Question 41

T/F only free TH is active

Answer 41

TRUE

Question 42

TH causes ___ beta receptors and ___ alpha receptors

Answer 42

decreased, increased

Question 43

most common cause of hypothyroid

Answer 43

hasimotos

Question 44

secondary hypothy

Answer 44

inadequate T3, T4 due to TSH not being released from the pituitary

Question 45

tertirary hypothy

Answer 45

inadequate T3, T4 d/t TRH from hypothalamus

Question 46

T/F Hyperthyroidism that occurs in infancy leads to mental retardation and growth deficits (cretinism)

Answer 46

FALSE Hypo

Question 47

the most severe form of hypothy

Answer 47

myxedema coma

Question 48

what is the standard test for thyroid gland function

Answer 48

serum T4 Assay

Question 49

T/F Blood levels of TSH are low in primary hypothyroidism

Answer 49

FALSE - high

Question 50

T/F blood levels of rT3 are high in euthyroid sick states

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

synthroid contains ____, while armour thyroid contains ___

Answer 51

T4, T3+T4

Question 52

most common form of hyperthy

Answer 52

graves

Question 53

thyroid storm usually occurs within ___ postop

Answer 53

6-18h

Question 54

what does cortisol do

Answer 54

blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, making rT3 instead