4 types of hormones
peptide and protein
thyroid
catecholamines
steriod
what mediates temp regulation
anterior hypothalamus/preoptic nuclei
hypothermia ___ PVR
increases
hypothermia causes CO levels in blood to ___
decrease - think decreased metabolism
T/F: cerebral oxygen consumption increases 7% for each 1C decrease
FALSE - Decreases
T/F Mac decreases 5-7% for every 1C decrease
TRUE
The ___ compartment consists of the limbs, skin, and subcutaneous tissue and has ___ of the body’s heat content
peripheral, 1/3
The ___ compartment consists of the major thoracic and abd organs and brain and holds ___ of the body’s heat content
core, 2/3
The difference btween core and peripheral body temp is maintained by ___
vasoconstriction
major method of heat loss to the environment
radiation
T/F in the first hour after induction of anesthesia there is a ___ decrease in core temp because of peripheral vasodilation
1-1.5
BMR decreases ___ with GA decreasing heat production in the next ___h
20-40%, 2-3h
one unit of blood or one liter of room temp crystalloid decrease core body temp by __degreesC
.25
T/F GA promotes vasodilation, decreases metabolic rate/heat production , and decrease hypothamaic responsiveness to hypothermia
TRUE
BMR decreases __% per year beyond age 30
1%
postop shivering is induced by cooling of ____ which causes the involuntary oscillatory muscular activity to increase heat production
pre-optic region of hypothalamus
during bacteremia (sepsis), pyogens cause release of ___ , increasing the set point for temp in the hypothal
interleukin one. this leads to heat conservation (vasoconstriction) and increased heat production (shivering)
the pituitary gland has ___ divisions
4
somatotropes secrete
GH
corticotropes secrete
ACTH
thyrotropes secrete
TSH
gonadotropes secrete
FSH/LH
lactrotropes secrete
prolactin
anterior pituitary - adenohypophysis - regulates…
thyroid, adrenal, mammry, GH, gonads, melanocytes
posterior pit produces
oxytocin and ADH
posterior pit produces oxytocin and ADH which are synthesized in the ____ and secreted from ____
hypothalamus , pituitary
ADH is made where
supraoptic nucleus
ADH increases permeability of the
collecting ducts, increasing free water reabsorption
V1 receptor has a ___ effect, while V2 receptor has ___ effect
pressor, ADH
T/F stimulus for release of ADH is osmoreceptor in hypothalamus activated by plasma osmolality >290
true. when youre too concentrated you want ADH so you can hang on to water
large volume changes activate barorecptors in __ and ____
carotid sinus and aortic arch
SIADH you have ___natremia , ___ urine, and ____ plasma
hypo, concentrated, dilute
DI you have ____osmotic urine and ___plasma
hypoosmotic urine and hyperosmotic plasma
hypernatremia causes ___ MAC
increased
what does the thyroid gland produce
T4 T3 calcitonin
T__ is more potent than T__ but it is more scarce and cleared more rapidly
3, 4
T/F The thyroid secretes 93% thyroxine (T4) and 7% T3 triiodothyonine, though nearly all is converted to T3 in the tissues
TRUE
TRH is released from the ___
hypothalamus
TRH causes release of ___ by the ___
TSH anterior pit
T/F 99% of TH is free in the plasma
FALSE bound to protein
T/F only free TH is active
TRUE
TH causes ___ beta receptors and ___ alpha receptors
decreased, increased
most common cause of hypothyroid
hasimotos
secondary hypothy
inadequate T3, T4 due to TSH not being released from the pituitary
tertirary hypothy
inadequate T3, T4 d/t TRH from hypothalamus
T/F Hyperthyroidism that occurs in infancy leads to mental retardation and growth deficits (cretinism)
FALSE Hypo
the most severe form of hypothy
myxedema coma
what is the standard test for thyroid gland function
serum T4 Assay
T/F Blood levels of TSH are low in primary hypothyroidism
FALSE - high
T/F blood levels of rT3 are high in euthyroid sick states
TRUE
synthroid contains ____, while armour thyroid contains ___
T4, T3+T4
most common form of hyperthy
graves
thyroid storm usually occurs within ___ postop
6-18h
what does cortisol do
blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, making rT3 instead
