Pancreas

Question 1

Alpha cells produce

Answer 1

Glucagon

Question 2

Beta cells produce

Answer 2

Insulin, GABA, IAPP

Question 3

Gamma cells produce

Answer 3

Somatostatin

Question 4

Epsilon cells produce

Answer 4

Ghrelin

Question 5

PP cells produces

Answer 5

Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 6

Insulin production, nucleus

Answer 6

Preproinsulin gene, preproinsulin mRNA

Question 7

Insulin production, rough RE

Answer 7

Preproinsulin

Question 8

Insulin production, trans-golgi network

Answer 8

Proinsulin

Question 9

Insulin production, secretory granules

Answer 9

Insulin

Question 10

Glucose, leucine, vagal stimulation, acetylcholine

Answer 10

Stimulants of insulin release

Question 11

GLP1, GIP, Cholecystokinin, Gastrin, Secretin, agrinine

Answer 11

Amplifiers of glucose-induced insulin release

Question 12

Alpha adrenergic of catecholamines, somastatin, beta blockers

Answer 12

Inhibitors of insulin release

Question 13

How dies cathecolamines regulate insulin release and what is receptor of it

Answer 13

Inhibitor, inhibits cAMP; alpha2A receptor

Question 14

How does Ach regulate insulin secretion; what’s the name of the receptor

Answer 14

Stimulant, stimulate Ca by G-protein; M3 receptor

Question 15

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-2 onset; receptors

Answer 15

Prenatal; IRA and IGF-IR

Question 16

Insulin-like growth factors onset; receptor

Answer 16

Childhood; IRA and IGF-IR

Question 17

Insulin action, stimulation of mTOR

Answer 17

Protein synthesis

Question 18

Insulin actions, stiumlation of FOXO

Answer 18

Glucose utilization

Question 19

Insulin actions, SREBP1c stimulation

Answer 19

Lipid synthesis

Question 20

Insulin actions, GSK3

Answer 20

Glycogen synthesis

Question 21

Insulin metabolic effects, liver

Answer 21

Glucose storage as glycogen; invreases TG synthesis and VLDL formation

Question 22

Insulin metabolic effects, muscle

Answer 22

Protein synthesis and glycogen synthesis

Question 23

Insulin metabolic effects, adipose tissue

Answer 23

Triglyceride storage

Question 24

Insulin metabolic effects, brain

Answer 24

Decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure

Question 25

How does GLUT work

Answer 25

Glucose channel

Question 26

GLUT1 tissue

Answer 26

Most cells

Question 27

Where does GLUT2 work

Answer 27

Cells that work for basal glucose (B-pancreas, epithel)

Question 28

Where does GLUT3 work

Answer 28

Neuron, placenta, testes

Question 29

GLUT4 tissue

Answer 29

Glucose storage tissue: skeleteal muscle, adipose tissue; cardiac muscle

Question 30

Islet Amyloid Polypeptide or Amylin actions

Answer 30

Suppressiom of glucagon release, reduction food intake, and gastric emptying; net effect: decrease blood glucose

Question 31

Beta cells, high glucose

Answer 31

(+)voltage outside cells, Ca masuk, exocytosis

Question 32

Alpha cells, high glucose

Answer 32

(-) voltage, low Ca and Na income, inhibition of glucagon granule