Patophysiology DM-2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
3 main defects organs
Pancreas, liver, muscle and fat
Omnious octet DM-2, increase group
Glucagon production, glucagon secretion, lipolysis, glucose rearbsorption
Ominous octet DM-2, decreasing group
Insulin secretion, glucose uptake, incretin effect, neurotransmitter function
Absolute insulin deficiency; relative insulin deficiency; gestational DM
DM-1; DM-2; Due to pregnancy
Genetic susceptibility of DM-1
HLA II, DQ & DR3-4
Most common islet cell antibodies
Glutamic acid decarboxylase
DM-1, GAD negative type
Idiopathic DM
ICA; IAA; GAD; IA
Islet cell antibod; insulin autoantibody; glutamic acid decarboxylase; tyrosine phosphatase
LADA type DM
Mild expression of DM-1; recognized as DM-2 then B-pancreas disturbances, develop independency of insulin
5 criteria of metabolic syndrome
Central obese, hypertension, dyslipidemi, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance
Epigenetic changes and genetic changes in DM-2
Epigenetic doesn’t change the DNA structure, metilation or phosporilation
Genetic change the DNA structure
MODY
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young. DM-2 in late childhood, related to genetic/family factors
Classic symptoms of DM
Polyphagia Polyuria Weight loss Thirsty Weakness Numbness
Cut-off random blood glucose
> 200 mg/dl + classic symptoms
Cut-off OGTT
Oral glucose test tolerance, >200 mg/dl after 2hours
Cut-off plasma glucose
> 126 mg/dl
HbA1c prediabetic and diabetic
5,7 - 6,4, prediabetic
6,5 - higher, diabetic
Metformin actions
Increases sensitivity of insulin
GLP-1 and GIP analogue
Glucose like peptide, gastric inhibitory peptide, stimulator of insulin
Thiazolidineione (TZD) actions
Reduce peripheral insulin resistance
Sulfonylureas actions
Insulin secretion stimulatior, inhibits K pump
DPP-R Inhibitors
Inhibits incretins degradation
SGLT-2 inhibitor actions
Inhibits glucose rearbsorption in renal
Alpha glucosidase actions
Inhibit glucose absorption
