Pancreas reverse

Question 1

reverse

retroperitoneal organ

lies posterior to the stomach, duodenum, proximal jejunum of the small bowel, also the transverse colon run horizontallyh acraoss the ab

contained in the anterior pararenal space

drapes across the mid aspect of the ab, just under the xyphoid process

Answer 1

Pancreas Anatomy

Question 2

reverse

4 primary

head

neck

body

tail

Answer 2

pancreas segments

Question 3

reverse

cradled in the C-loop of the duodenum,

IVC posterior

GDA anterolateral border

CBD posterior and lateral

Answer 3

pancreas head

Question 4

reverse

located anterior to the IVC and posterior to the SMV

Answer 4

Pancreas Uncinate process

Question 5

reverse

aorta

IVC

SMA

SMV

splenic vein

portal vein

Answer 5

Pancreas vascular landmarks

Question 6

reverse

duct of Wirsung

courses entire lenght of pancreas

enters duodenum via the ampulla of vater

Answer 6

Main pancreatic duct

Question 7

reverse

Duct of Santori

drains the anterior segment of the head

>2mm internal measurment is abnormal

Answer 7

pancrease accessory duct

Question 8

reverse

right lateral to SMV

anterior to IVC

inferior to portal vein

Answer 8

Vascular structure pancreatic head

Question 9

reverse

posterior to SMV

may completely surround SMV

anterior to aorta

Answer 9

Vascular structure Uncinate process

Question 10

reverse

anterior to portal confluence

Answer 10

vascular structure neck

Question 11

reverse

anterior to SMV

splenic vein

SMA

Answer 11

vascular structure body

Question 12

reverse

splenic vein marks posterior border

Answer 12

vascular structure tail

Question 13

reverse

primary duct extending entire length of pancreas

seen as 2 echogenic lines especially in neck/body

receives tributaries from the lobules

enters the duodenum with the common bile duct at the ampulla of vater

sphincter of Oddi-small muscle that guards the ampulla of vater

Answer 13

Duct of Wirsung

Main pancreatic duct

Question 14

reverse

drains the upper anterior head

endters the duodenum at the minor papilla

2cm proximal to the ampulla of vater

just draions the head

not normally seen on ultrasound

Answer 14

duct of santorini

secondary duct

Question 15

reverse

runs inferior in the free edge of the lesser omentum to level of the duodenum

travels posterior to the first portion of duodenum where it forms a common trunk with the pancreatic duct and opens into the duodenum

ducts have smooth muscle surrounding them to make it easier to transport the pancreatic fluid

Answer 15

Common bile duct

CBD

Question 16

reverse

longest segment

antrum of the stomach lies anterior

Answer 16

Pancrease body

Question 17

reverse

most difficult to visualize

course left lateral aspect of the body, extending to the hillum of the spleen

splenic vein serves as the posterior border

left kidney is posterior to the tail

Answer 17

pancreas tail

Question 18

reverse

supplied by the splenic artery and the pancreaticoduodenal arteries

veinous drainage is through tributaries of the splenic and SMV

Answer 18

Pancrease vascular supply

Question 19

reverse

Agenisis

pancreas divisum

ectopic

annular

Answer 19

Panreatic congential anomilies

Question 20

reverse

missing body and tail with a large (hypertropic) head

Answer 20

Agenesis

Question 21

reverse

lack of fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds

Answer 21

pancreas divisum

Question 22

reverse

most common anomalie

pancreatic nodules are found throughout the GI tract

.5-2.0cm in size

acute pancreatitis and tumor may be found in these nodules

Answer 22

ectopic

Question 23

reverse

head of the pancreas surrounds the second portion of the duodenum

male prevalence

Answer 23

annular

Question 24

reverse

Exocrine

Endochrine

Answer 24

pancreas functions

Question 25

# reverse digestive function

Answer 25

Exocrine

Question 26

# reverse produces up to 2 liters of pancreatic juice per day arranged in sac-like structures juice converges into the two ducts which drain the juice into the duodenum for digestion pancreatic juice enzymes capable of completing almost all of the digestion of our food

Answer 26

Acini cells

Question 27

# reverse produces pancreatic juice to aid in digestion enzymes lipase trypsin amylase nucleases sodium bicarbonate

Answer 27

Excocrine function

Question 28

# reverse breaks down fats

Answer 28

lipase

Question 29

# reverse digest proteins

Answer 29

trypsin

Question 30

# reverse digest carbohydrates

Answer 30

amylase

Question 31

# reverse digest nucleic acids

Answer 31

nucleases

Question 32

# reverse neutralizes gastric acids ph of juice needs to be almost neutral for best action

Answer 32

sodium bicarbonate

Question 33

# reverse chyme (partially digested food) in the duodenum triggers release of hormones that start pancreatic juice formation gastrin cholecystokinin aceytlcholine secretin (sodium bicarbonate) these now enter duodenum after allowing the sphincter of Oddi to relax

Answer 33

Exocrine enzyme triggers

Question 34

# reverse produces glucagons and insulin

Answer 34

Endocrine function

Question 35

# reverse alpha, beta and delta cells within the islets of Langerhans

Answer 35

insulin production

Question 36

# reverse regulates the metabolism of sugars insufficient leads to diabetis mellitus hormone that causes glycogen formation from teh glucose stored within the liver

Answer 36

Insulin

Question 37

# reverse changes the forms of sugar hormone that causes our cells to release glucose to meet the bodies energy needs stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose and increase sugar levels

Answer 37

glucagon

Question 38

# reverse autoregulator inhibits the production of both insulin and glucagon

Answer 38

gastrin

Question 39

# reverse most prevalent cells produces insulin enables cells within insulin receptors to take up clucose which lowers blood sugar

Answer 39

Beta cells

Question 40

# reverse produce glucagon

Answer 40

alpha cells

Question 41

# reverse smallest number of cells produce gastrin

Answer 41

delta cells

Question 42

# reverse digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas as well as the parotid glands, bowel and gynecological system certain types of pancreatic disease escapes into the surrounding tissue causing death of tissue, resulting in severe pain and inflammation

Answer 42

Amylase

Question 43

# reverse blood test twice normal usually indicates acute pancretitis, or obstruction of panc duct, acute cholecystitis, perforated peptic ulcer, alcohol poisoning differentials include mumps, ischemic bowel disease, pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 43

ANypase lab tests

Question 44

# reverse may be elevated in pancreatitis diseases not affectin the pancreas may cause an elevation of blood serum amylase with elevation

Answer 44

urine amylase

Question 45

# reverse enzyme excreted only by the pancreas small amounts pass into the blood used to assess damage to the pancreas rises at teh same rate as amylase, but persists for a longer period of time

Answer 45

Lipase

Question 46

# reverse obstruction of panc duct pancreatic CA acute cholecystitis

Answer 46

lipase differentials

Question 47

# reverse controls the blood sugar lever in the body GTT performed to asses a disorder of glucose metablolism

Answer 47

glucose

Question 48

# reverse diabetes chronic liver disease overactivity of several of the endocrine glands

Answer 48

elevated Glucose differentials

Question 49

# reverse tumor of the islets of langerhans

Answer 49

decreased glucose differential

Question 50

# reverse echogenicity is caompared to liver echo intensity is slightly less than surrounding retroperitoneum and slightly greater than liver texture depends on amount of fat dispersed between the lobules fat is strongly echogenic so may be isoechoic with surround retroperitoneal fat echotexture-homogeneous surface smooth to slightly lobular

Answer 50

normal pancreatic tissue sonographically

Question 51

# reverse NPO 6-8 hrs 2.5-5Mhz adults 5-7Mhz peadiatrics left lobe for window deep inspiration to allow liver to displace inferior supine, oblique and upright positions (distends vascular structures) also valsalva

Answer 51

Scanning pancreas

Question 52

# reverse head Neck Body tail

Answer 52

Pancread normal size

Question 53

# reverse \>liver \<\>spleen (depends on fibrous/fatty content)

Answer 53

pancrease normal echogenicity