Pancreatic Hormones HW Questions

Question 1

What islet cell produces insulin?

Answer 1

beta

Question 2

What islet cell produces glucagon?

Answer 2

alpha

Question 3

What islet cell produces somatostatin?

Answer 3

delta

Question 4

insulin inhibits

Answer 4

glucagon

Question 5

amylin inhibits

Answer 5

insulin

Question 6

somatostatin inhibits

Answer 6

insulin and glucagon

Question 7

What is the correct order of insulin synthesis?

Answer 7

1) ribosomes produce preproinsulin
2) ER produces proinsulin
3) golgi apparatus packages insulin and C peptide

Question 8

Beta cells monitor blood glucose levels by _________ of glucose above physiological range into _______________ through glut2 receptors

Answer 8

uptake, beta cells

Question 9

What happens when ATP formed from glucose breakdown closes potassium channels in the beta cells membrane?

Answer 9

cell depolarizes

Question 10

What event opens voltage gated calcium channels in beta cell membranes?

Answer 10

depolarization of membrane

Question 11

What role does calcium play in the release of insulin?

Answer 11

stimulates release

Question 12

How are multiple beta cells able to release insulin simultaneously?

Answer 12

they have gap junctions

Question 13

What other products are released with insulin from beta cells?

Answer 13

proinsulin and C peptide

Question 14

What plasma product is tested in blood to determine if type 1 and/or type 2 diabetics are producing some insulin?

Answer 14

C peptide

Question 15

What system/mechanism regulates insulin secretion?

Answer 15

negative feedback

Question 16

What stage of insulin secretion releases a large quantity of stored insulin into the blood?

Answer 16

acute stage one

Question 17

When does the delayed/sustained stage of insulin secretion begin after the acute stage?

Answer 17

about 15 min later

Question 18

What effect do certain amino acids combined with glucose have on insulin secretion?

Answer 18

doubles secretion

Question 19

What effect does insulin have on amino acids?

Answer 19

promotes transport into cells and protein synthesis

Question 20

What allows skeletal muscles to uptake glucose without insulin?

Answer 20

moderate to heavy exercise

Question 21

What is the primary most important effect of insulin?

Answer 21

causes the liver to uptake most of the excess glucose and store it as glycogen

Question 22

What secondary effect does insulin have on the liver?

Answer 22

inhibit glucose synthesis

Question 23

How does insulin effect fat metabolism?

Answer 23

promotes synthesis and storage

Question 24

Why is insulin considered a fat sparer?

Answer 24

it inhibits lipase

Question 25

How does insulin effect protein metabolism?

Answer 25

promotes synthesis and storage

Question 26

How does insulin effect ribosomes during protein synthesis?

Answer 26

turns them on

Question 27

What functions does insulin share with growth hormone?

Answer 27

facilitate cellular uptake of AAs and inhibit protein catabolism

Question 28

Why can long term insulin def or insensitivity cause atherosclerosis?

Answer 28

increased FAs causes the liver to increase cholesterol production

Question 29

Why does insulin def or insensitivity increases the risk of ketoacidosis?

Answer 29

increases use of FAs for energy production

Question 30

How does long term insulin def or insensitivity effect protein metabolism?

Answer 30

inhibits synthesis and increases catabolism

Question 31

How does long term insulin def or insensitivity effect liver gluconeogenesis?

Answer 31

no longer needed

Question 32

Over secretion of which hormone can cause insulin insensitivity?

Answer 32

cortisol and growth hormone

Question 33

Why does insulin insensitivity cause hyperinsulinemia?

Answer 33

high blood glucose causes negative feedback of insulin secretion

Question 34

Why is hyperinsulinemia associated with PCOS?

Answer 34

excessive levels of insulin will stimulate ovaries to over produce androgens

Question 35

What activity stimulates the release of somatostatin?

Answer 35

ingesting food

Question 36

What is the primary goal of somatostatin?

Answer 36

slow down digestion

Question 37

Which cells are directly affected by somatostatin?

Answer 37

alpha and beta islet cells

Question 38

Which hormone does somatostatin inhibit?

Answer 38

insulin and glucagon

Question 39

What other hormone has the same chemical make up as somatostatin?

Answer 39

growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH)

Question 40

What conditions stimulate secretion of glucagon?

Answer 40

low blood glucose

Question 41

What is the primary function of glucagon?

Answer 41

increase blood glucose

Question 42

How does glucagon achieve its primary function?

Answer 42

stimulate liver gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

Question 43

What effect does glucagon have on fats?

Answer 43

activate lipase

Question 44

What effect does NE have on glycogen?

Answer 44

stimulate skeletal muscle to breakdown of stored glycogen

Question 45

How does the body regulate plasma calcium levels?

Answer 45

negative feedback

Question 46

Where is calcitonin produced?

Answer 46

parafollicular cells

Question 47

How does calcitonin promote building or strength of bone?

Answer 47

decreases activity of osteoclast and increases activity of osteoblast

Question 48

What stage of life does calcitonin have the strongest effect?

Answer 48

childhood

Question 49

When does the body release calcitonin?

Answer 49

when serum calcium levels are high

Question 50

Where is parathyroid hormone produced?

Answer 50

parathyroid glands

Question 51

Where are the glands located that produce PTH?

Answer 51

posterior aspect of the thyroid gland

Question 52

How does PTH cause resorption of bone?

Answer 52

increase osteoclast activity

Question 53

When is PTH released?

Answer 53

when plasma calcium levels are low

Question 54

How does PTH effect the kidneys?

Answer 54

stimulates the kidneys to activate vit D and reabsorb calcium from the filtrate

Question 55

How does PTH effect the intestines?

Answer 55

increases calcium absorption

Question 56

What role does vit D play in effecting calcium levels in blood?

Answer 56

aids in absorbing calcium from the intestinal tract

Question 57

What is the precursor for vit D synthesis?

Answer 57

cholesterol

Question 58

What is vit D's role in formation of calbindin?

Answer 58

stimulate synthesis

Question 59

How does calbindin effect calcium absorption from intestines?

Answer 59

increases absorption several weeks