Pang 2 low vision Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
A vision rehabilitation examination is an exam to determin how someone ____ with their current vision level and provide strageties to ___ their funcitioning for performing desired activities
A
functions, improve
2
Q
A vision rehabilitation examination (is/is not) a general eye exam to determine the general refractive and health status of the eye(is/is not) treating the disease
A
is not, is not
3
Q
- Detailed functional history
- Obtain VA differently
- Trial frame refraction
- Central field test
- General observations
- Ocular & medical history
- Visual acuity
- Gross visual field
- Ocular health assessment
- Contrast sensitivity
- Optical device testing
- pick the ones that are the same in a vision rehabilitation and general eye exam
A
General observations Ocular & medical history Visual acuity Gross visual field Ocular health assessment
4
Q
- Detailed functional history
- Obtain VA differently
- Trial frame refraction
- Central field test
- General observations
- Ocular & medical history
- Visual acuity
- Gross visual field
- Ocular health assessment
- Contrast sensitivity
- Optical device testing
- pick the ones that are different in a vision rehabilitation and general eye exam
A
Detailed functional history Obtain VA differently Trial frame refraction Central field test Contrast sensitivity Optical device testing
5
Q
T/F in a vision rehabilitation you are not treating the eye disease, but treating patients functional abilities
A
T
6
Q
how would you know if someone has a hearing impairment?
A
ask! duh
7
Q
T/F when greeting a person with a visual impairment you should help them without needing to be asked
A
F. ask the patient first!
8
Q
where on your arm should the visually impaired person grab your arm?
A
above your elbow
9
Q
where should the visually impaired person stand when doing a sighted guide?
A
half step behind you
10
Q
what are some of the things you want to tell the pt in a sighted guid when approaching stairs?
A
Always alert visually impaired person once your approach stairs
Inform them if stairs are going up or down
Inform them where the handrail is located
Tell them when there is one last step
11
Q
T/F observations begin the moment you greet the patient and continue throughtout the entire exam
A
T
12
Q
what is different in obtaining a distance visual acuity in low vision exam?
A
technique and chart
13
Q
what must you try to do in a distance visual acuity exam during a low vision exam
A
try to quantify the visual acuity
14
Q
Poor measurement of
A
standard projector
15
Q
Poor measurement of <20/100 vision
Less optotypes per line
Set test distance
Limited by size of screen
-are disadvantages of a (standard projector/computerized acuity system)
A
computerized acuity
16
Q
Doesn’t require room lighting
Lines can be isolated
-are benefits for a (standard projector/computerized acuity system)
A
standard projector chart
17
Q
Many choices of optotypes
Eliminate patient memorization
High contrast optotypes
-are benefits for a (standard projector/computerized acuity system)
A
computerized acuity systems
18
Q
what does ETDRS stAND FOR?
A
Eearly treatment for diabetic retinopathy study
19
Q
which chart improves standardization adn accuracy in measuring VA
-(EDTRS/feinbloom chart)
A
EDTRS
20
Q
Benefits: Portable Test at any distance High contrast numbers Large optotypes Can measure
A
fleinbloom chart
21
Q
Useful for:
Children or adults who are unable to read letters
Non-verbal (i.e. stroke, developmental delay, etc)
Communication barrier (different language)
–describe (EDTRS/fleinbloom chart/lea symbols)
A
lea symbols or numbers, tumbling E or C
22
Q
Fleingbloom chart is in (meters/feet)
A
feet
23
Q
EDTRS is in (meters/feet)
A
meters
24
Q
Visual acuity in M notation is (test disnace/letter size) over (test distance/letter size)
A
test distance over letter size
25
when using the EDTRS you start at __meters
A)2
B)3
c)4
2 meters
26
when recording distance VA you alwasy record the ___ test disance you used and the ___ letter size
exact, actual
27
T/F when recording distance VA you want to not the extrapolations i nparentheses and not the chart you used
T
28
why do we record VA differently in vision rehabilitation
more accurate measure of visual acuities
- can repeat the same testing conditions as previeous clinician
- easily determine if any changed in vA
- avoids confusion
29
for the feinbloom distance VA you want to start at ___feet
A)20
B)30
c)10
10
30
is a pinhole acuity done in a vision rehabilitation exam?
rarely becuae we already know the cause of patients reduced acuity , we dotn need pinhole to determine if the etiology is refactive or ocular disease
31
what is most common goal for patients with vision loss is ?
reading
32
T/F you can use reduced snellen notation if distance is different than 40 cm
F you can not use reduced snellen notation if test distance is different than 40 cm
33
T/F for near visual acuity in low vision exam you record meter units not reduced snellen
T
34
Based in typography
Measures size of typeface height of a letter
Not entirely standardized, but useful in determining acuity for typing (computer use)
-describes (automaticiy/point notation/loading)
point notation
35
```
to convert snellen to point you
A) divide by 6
B)divide by 8
C)multiply by 50
for near VA
```
divide by 6
36
```
to convert from point to meters you
A) divide by 6
B)divide by 8
C)multiply by 50
-for near VA
```
divide by 8
37
```
to convert from meters to snellen
A) divide by 6
B)divide by 8
C)multiply by 50
-for near VA
```
multiply by 50
38
Limit of acuity to be able to recognize print
Example: Looking at price tags, reading a food label, reading mail, looking at medicine bottle label
- describes the (spot/sustained) reading acuity
spot
39
Limit of acuity for reading print for a longer period of time (~10 minutes or more)
Text must be larger than threshold near VA in order to sustain reading for this amount of time
Example: Reading books, magazines, newspapers
- describes the (spot/sustained) reading acuity
sustained
40
visual field testing determines the ___ and ___ of teh peripheral field
limits, sensitivity
41
```
Stimulus changes in brightness
Techniques:
Confrontation fields
Humphrey automated perimetry
Octopus perimetry
-describes (static/kinetic) visual field testing
```
static
42
```
Points tested are moving from an unseen area to a seeing area
Stimulus brightness is the same
Techniques
Tangent screen
Humphrey SSA Kinetic Test
Goldmann perimetry
Octopus perimetry
```
-describes (static/kinetic) visual field testing
kinetic
43
central field testing assess the (size/location/brightness/sensitivity) of central or paracentral scotomas --pick two
size, location
44
```
Amsler grid
Humphrey automated perimetry
California Central Visual Field Test
Octopus perimetry
-test the (peripheral/central field)
```
central
45
SLO stands for and is the gold standard in mapping scotomoas
scannign laser ophtalmoscope
46
what does CCVFT stand for
california central visual field test
47
```
the CCVFT is done at __ cm and each cm is _ degree
A)40,2
B)57, 2
c)40, 1
D) 57, 1
```
57 , 1
48
(static/kinetic) CCVFT presents in all 8 quadrants to locate scotomas
static
49
(static/kinetic) CCVFT presents from seeing to non-seeing areas to determine size of scotoma
kinetic
50
static CCVFT (locates scotoma/determines size of scotoma)
locates scotoma
51
kinetic CCVFT (locates scotoma/determines size of scotoma)
determiens size of scotoma
52
T/F Sk read is designed to allow words to be easily confused and facilitate mistakes encountered while reading . the pattern of mistakes differentiate left and right sided scotomas
T
53
why is eye dominance important?
to determine which eye will be the primary functioning eye
54
why is hand dominance important?
to determine which hand will be holding optical devices
55
T/F seeing contrast sensitivity is part of our daily life
T
56
Sloan letters of the same size
Differ in contrast by every letter triplet (0.15 log units)
Distance chart, tested at 1 meter
(1 cpd spatial frequency)
NEI gold standard
Quick & easy to administer
Reliable results
-describe which test (pelli-robinson/vistech)
pelli robson
57
Uses sine wave gratings to measure 5 spatial frequencies along CSF curve
Distance chart, tested at 1 or 3 meters
Time consuming
Poor test-retest reliability
-describe which test (pelli-robinson/vistech)
vistech
58
how many letters need to be missed within a triplet for the pelli robson test in order to log final contrast sensitivity
2
59
Sloan letters of the same size
differ in contrast with each letter (0.04 log units)
Near chart, 50cm test distance
(0.5-2 cpd spatial frequencies)
Quick & easy to administer
Good reliability
describe which test ((pelli-robinson/vistech/MARS)
MArs
60
what is the testing distance for the MARS contrast sensitivty test_cm
A)50
B)40
C)35
50cm
61
when scoring the MARS test put it in order by steps :
- log-value of the last correct letter identified
- subtract the number of individual misses
- x0.04
1. log value of the last correct letter identified
2. subtract number of individual misses
3. X 0.04
62
```
match to correct one for MART test interpretation
prfound CS loss
a)0 - 0.48 logMAR
b)0.52 – 1.00 logMAR
c)1.04 – 1.48 logMAR
D)1.52 – 1.76
e)1.72 – 1.92
```
a)0 - 0.48 logMAR
63
match to correct one for MART test interpretation
Severe CS loss
a)0 - 0.48 logMAR
b)0.52 – 1.00 logMAR
c)1.04 – 1.48 logMAR
D)1.52 – 1.76
e)1.72 – 1.92
b)0.52 – 1.00 logMAR
64
match to correct one for MART test interpretation
Moderate CS loss
a)0 - 0.48 logMAR
b)0.52 – 1.00 logMAR
c)1.04 – 1.48 logMAR
D)1.52 – 1.76
e)1.72 – 1.92
c)1.04 – 1.48 logMAR
65
match to correct one for MART test interpretation
Typical for age 60 and older
a)0 - 0.48 logMAR
b)0.52 – 1.00 logMAR
c)1.04 – 1.48 logMAR
D)1.52 – 1.76
e)1.72 – 1.92
D)1.52 – 1.76
66
match to correct one for MART test interpretation
Typical for middle age & young adults
a)0 - 0.48 logMAR
b)0.52 – 1.00 logMAR
c)1.04 – 1.48 logMAR
D)1.52 – 1.76
e)1.72 – 1.92
e)1.72 – 1.92
67
what is JND?
it is the miniumum lens change that a patient can appreciate
68
what units are used in JND?
diopter
69
what is the formula for loose trial lenses to use in refraction ?
+/- JND/2
70
- Distance optical devices is specified in terms of its angular magnification
- Units are “X”
-Angular magnification: using an optical system to increase the angular subtense of the image compared to the angular subtense of the object itself
describes which one?
1. Distance magnification formula
2. Kestenbaum formula
3. Lighthouse method
4. Equivalent viewing distance
1. Distance magnification formula
71
determing the starting power of optical devices used to demonstrate to the patien is useful when predicting(magnificaion/automaticity)
magnification
72
```
the distance magnificaiton formula is
denominator of (actual/goal) VA over denominator of (acutal/goal) VA
```
actual over goal
73
what units is near magnification recorded in ?
diopters
74
```
Reciprocal of distance vision
describes which test
1. Distance magnification formula
2. Kestenbaum formula
3. Lighthouse method
4. Equivalent viewing distance
```
2. Kestenbaum formula
75
```
Reciprocal of near vision x Reference add
describes which test
1. Distance magnification formula
2. Kestenbaum formula
3. Lighthouse method
4. Equivalent viewing distance
```
3. Lighthouse method
76
(Actual near VA denominator/Goal near VA) X(accommodative demand or reference add)
1. Distance magnification formula
2. Kestenbaum formula
3. Lighthouse method
4. Equivalent viewing distance
4. Equivalent viewing distance
77
Purpose of _____ devices: allow an individual to see print or objects or materials by magnification.
optical
78
T/F Handheld magnifiers and high-plus reading glasses need to have the proper working distance
T
79
T/F Telescopes need to be focused & held in the proper position to see the desired object
T
80
T/F CCTV and electronic video magnifiers can be used for many tasks, and need training for each task
T
81
Spectacles: High plus spectacles, microscopic lenses, base-in prism spectacles, doublet lenses
Hand magnifiers
Stand magnifiers
Reading telescopes
```
are used for :
A)near
B_intermediate
C)distance
D)adaptive/assistive technologies
E)non-optical
```
near
82
```
Loupes, Telescopes
are used for :
A)near
B_intermediate
C)distance
D)adaptive/assistive technologies
E)non-optical
```
intermediate
83
```
Monocular telescopes, spectacle mounted telescopes, binocular telescopes
are used for :
A)near
B_intermediate
C)distance
D)adaptive/assistive technologies
E)non-optical
```
distance
84
```
Desktop CCTV, handheld CCTV, CCTV with distance/near camera, computer software programs, OCR technology, GPS navigation systems
are used for :
A)near
B_intermediate
C)distance
D)adaptive/assistive technologies
E)non-optical
```
D)adaptive/assistive technologie
85
```
Absorptive filters (sunglasses), fitover sunglasses, typoscope, check writing guide, liquid level indicator, lamps, felt tip pens, talking watch/clock, tactile (bump) dots, talking glucometer, etc
are used in :
A)near
B_intermediate
C)distance
D)adaptive/assistive technologie
E)non-optical
```
nonoptical
86
```
Near spot
Near sustained
Intermediate spot
Intermediate sustained
Distance spot
Distance sustained
```
```
Kinds of tasks:
Reading prices at a store
Reading med bottle labels/insulin syringes
Reading mail, bills
Looking at photographs
Kinds of devices:
Handheld magnifiers
Kind of therapy:
Finding focal point of magnifier
-match description to correct category
```
near spot viewing
87
```
Near spot
Near sustained
Intermediate spot
Intermediate sustained
Distance spot
Distance sustained
```
```
Kinds of tasks:
Reading newspaper, books, magazines
Writing letters or cards
Crocheting and/or sewing
Kinds of devices:
High-plus reading glasses
Stand magnifiers
Head borne loupes
Near telescopes
Kind of therapy:
Train use of device
Train patients to use bold lined paper and felt tipped pens
-match description to correct category
```
Near sustained
88
```
Near spot
Near sustained
Intermediate spot
Intermediate sustained
Distance spot
Distance sustained
-match description to correct category
```
```
Kinds of tasks:
Read a street sign
Read an aisle sign in market
Identifying people’s faces
Seeing board at school
Kinds of devices:
Handheld telescopes
Kind of therapy:
Locating item to view, getting TS to eye and positioned on item to view, focusing TS
Functionally walking and spotting signs or objects
```
distance spot viewing
89
```
Kinds of tasks:
Watch TV or movie
Bird watching
Concerts, sporting events, theater
Kinds of devices:
Spectacle mounted telescopes
Kind of therapy:
Finding object of interest and maintaining fixation
Scanning techniques to visualize entire performance
```
```
Near spot
Near sustained
Intermediate spot
Intermediate sustained
Distance spot
Distance sustained
-match description to correct category
```
distance sustained viewing
