Paper 1

Question 1

Define abduction

Answer 1

Moving a body part away from, midpoint of the body

Question 2

Define addiction

Answer 2

Moving a body part toward the mid line of the body

Question 3

Define flexion

Answer 3

Bending a joint to decrease the able between two bones

Question 4

Define extension

Answer 4

Straightening and extending of the joint to increase the angle between two bones or body party

Question 5

Rotation definition

Answer 5

Moving a body part around an axis

Question 6

What do tendons do

Answer 6

Attach muscle to bone

Question 7

What can a muscle do

Answer 7

Only pull

Question 8

What is the deltoids antagonist pair

Answer 8

Latissimus dorsi

Question 9

What is the gastrocnemius antagonistic pair

Answer 9

Tibialis anterior

Question 10

Define antagonist

Answer 10

Muscles that produce the opposite movement to an agonist

Question 11

What joint is the shoulder and what are its articulating bones

Answer 11

Ball and socket

Scapula, clavicle and humerus

Question 12

What joint is the hip and what are its articulating bones

Answer 12

Ball and socket

Pelvis and femur

Question 13

What joint is the ankle and what are its articulating bones

Answer 13

Hinge
Tibia
Fibula
Talus

Question 14

What joint is the elbow and what are its articulating bones

Answer 14

Hinge joint

Humerus , radius and ulna

Question 15

What joint is the knee and what are its articulating bones

Answer 15

Hinge joint

Femur, patella , tibia and fibula

Question 16

What are the smallest blood vessels

Answer 16

Capillaries

Question 17

What do capillaries do

Answer 17

Allow the movement of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other nutrients to and from the surrounding tissues

Question 18

Adaptations of capillaries

Answer 18

Very thin walls to allow substances to move through the cell wall with ease

Question 19

What are veins

Answer 19

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 20

What is an adaptation of veins

Answer 20

Then contain valves which prevent back flow of blood

Question 21

What do arteries do

Answer 21

Picks up oxygenated blood that’s been exited from the heart from the aorta

Question 22

What happens in inspiration

Answer 22

The external intercostal muscles contract and pull the rib cage up and out
The diaphragm contracts causing it to flatten
Chest cavity gets larger causing pressure in the lungs to fall
Air moves into the lungs from the higher outside pressure

Question 23

What happens in expiration

Answer 23

The external intercostal muscles relax so the rib cage returns to normal
The diaphragm relaxes pushing it up
The chest cavity gets smaller so pressure in the lungs increases
Air flows out of the lungs

Question 24

What happens during exercise

Answer 24

Expiration becomes an active process
The INTERNAL intercostal muscles contract to pull the rib cage down
This increases thoracic pressure more than at rest
Therefore air flow is greater/faster

Question 25

What additional muscles help in inspiration

Answer 25

Muscles in the torso such as abdominals and pectorals contract as well pulling the ribs up and out even more helping to expand the chest cavity , therefore decreasing pressure in the lungs Increases tidal volume

Question 26

What is the tidal volume

Answer 26

The normal amount of air inhaled (breathed in) and exhaled (breathed out) per breath. Increases with exercise

Question 27

What is the inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 27

amount of air that can be forced 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 our lungs after tidal volume Decreases during exercise

Question 28

What is expiratory reserve volume

Answer 28

amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after a normal expiration

Question 29

What is the total lung capacity

Answer 29

Amount of air the lungs can hold

Question 30

What is vital capacity

Answer 30

largest volume of air that can be forcibly expired after the deepest possible inspiration.

Question 31

What is residual volume

Answer 31

amount of air that remains in the lungs 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧.

Question 32

What is an example of an aerobic activity

Answer 32

Table tennis

Question 33

What is an example of anaerobic activities

Answer 33

Sprinting

Question 34

What are some long term adaptations of improved fitness

Answer 34

Increased strength and efficiency of intercostal and diaphragm muscles so more alveoli allowing more oxygen uptake Improved tolerance to lactic acid build up Cardiac hypertrophic: lower resting HR and increased stroke volume Increase in bone density and strength

Question 35

Immediate term effects of exercise

Answer 35

Increase in muscle temperature and flexibility | Increased breathing rate and tidal volume

Question 36

Sporting example of rotation

Answer 36

Playing a topspin forehand in tennis

Question 37

Sporting example of circumduction

Answer 37

Cricket bowler to generate pace on the delivery

Question 38

Sporting example of extension

Answer 38

Javelin thrower straightens their arm prior to release

Question 39

Dorsi flexion sporting example

Answer 39

When a sprinter drives off out the blocks

Question 40

Plantar flexion sporting example

Answer 40

When a basketball player performs a jump shot

Question 41

Abduction sporting example

Answer 41

When a goal keeper makes a save

Question 42

Addiction sporting example

Answer 42

Bringing the arms back to the centre of of the body when doing breaststroke in swimming

Question 43

Define cardiovascular endurance

Answer 43

ability of the heart & lungs to supply Oxygen to working muscles

Question 44

Define strength

Answer 44

Ability to overcome resistance

Question 45

Define muscular endurance

Answer 45

ability of muscle(s) to undergo repeated contractions, avoiding fatigue

Question 46

Define speed

Answer 46

maximum rate at which we are able to perform a movement

Question 47

Define power

Answer 47

The product of strength and speed

Question 48

Positives of fitness testing

Answer 48

``` Identifying fitness strengths and weakness Monitor improvement Establish a baseline Comparison of performers Motivation Setting goals and targets ```

Question 49

Negatives of fitness testing

Answer 49

Tests aren’t always sports specific Tests dong replicate sporting movements Does not replicate competitive environment Can’t always be reliable Some test may not measure fitness component Wrong protocols applied

Question 50

What is the goal of a warm up

Answer 50

Increase blood flow to the required muscles which increase oxygen and nutrient delivery to those muscles and decrease risk of injury

Question 51

What are the benefits of a warm up

Answer 51

Decreased risk of injury Prevents overheating Increase range of motion

Question 52

What are the stages of a warm up

Answer 52

Pulse raiser Dynamic and static stretches Skill practise Mental rehearsal

Question 53

What is the goal of a cool down

Answer 53

Return body’s systems to pre exercise conditions Reduces breathing rate Decrease muscle temperature Heart rate returns to normal

Question 54

What are the benefits of a cool down

Answer 54

Dissipate lactic acid away from muscles | Prevent blood pooling

Question 55

How should you cool down

Answer 55

Light jog | Static stretching holding stretch for 12-30 seconds