paper 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What vital functions does the nuclear family perform according to Parsons?
Primary socialisation and stabilisation of adult personalities
Parsons proposed the “functional fit” theory related to the nuclear family.
What did Durkheim believe education promotes?
Social solidarity and specialist skills
He emphasised the importance of norms and values for social cohesion.
According to Zaretsky, how does the family support capitalism?
By providing emotional support to workers and socialising children into capitalist values.
What did Engels argue about the monogamous nuclear family?
It developed to ensure inheritance of private property in capitalist societies.
How did Althusser view the family in relation to capitalism?
As part of the ideological state apparatus, maintaining capitalist ideology through socialisation.
What critique did Oakley provide regarding the symmetrical family?
Housework and childcare remain unequal due to gender role socialisation.
What is the view of Delphy and Leonard on the family?
It is a patriarchal institution that exploits women’s unpaid labour.
What does Somerville suggest regarding gender equality?
Acknowledges progress and suggests reforms rather than radical changes to the family.
What concepts did Giddens introduce in relation to modern families?
Confluent love and the pure relationship, showing choice and intimacy.
What do Beck and Beck-Gernsheim argue about individualisation?
People no longer follow traditional family roles, creating diverse and negotiated family types.
What are the five types of family diversity identified by Rapport and Rapport?
- Organisational
- Cultural
- Class
- Life-stage
- Generational
What criticism does Murray have regarding single-parent families?
Criticises them and welfare dependency, blaming them for declining moral standards.
What did Modood find about ethnic minority identities?
They are often hybrid, mixing traditional culture with British values.
How did Sewell describe the influence on black boys’ identity?
Lack of role models and the influence of hyper-masculinity affect educational achievement.
What change in girls’ ambitions did Sharpe find between the 1970s and 1990s?
From love and family to career and independence.
What did Mac an Ghaill study regarding male identity?
Argued there is a ‘crisis of masculinity’ due to loss of traditional male jobs.
What subcultures did Jackson find among working-class boys?
Anti-school subcultures (laddish behaviour) to protect self-worth in education.
What is described as a ‘genderquake’ by Wilkinson?
A dramatic shift in women’s roles and ambitions in post-industrial society.
How did Hey show patriarchal expectations in schools?
Through girls’ friendships and note-passing.
What types of masculinity did Connell identify?
- Hegemonic
- Complicit
- Subordinated
- Marginalised
What concept did Bourdieu develop?
Cultural capital, where middle-class families pass on values that benefit children in education.
