paper 1

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

It contains genetic material and controls the cell.

Question 2

What is the formula for magnification?

Answer 2

Magnification = Image size ÷ Real size

Question 3

Why do we use a stain on a microscope slide?

Answer 3

To make cell structures easier to see.

Question 4

What are enzymes?

Answer 4

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.

Question 5

What does amylase break down, and into what?

Answer 5

Amylase breaks starch into glucose.

Question 6

What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

Answer 6

They become denatured and stop working.

Question 7

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 7

They carry oxygen using haemoglobin.

Question 8

What blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

Answer 8

The artery.

Question 9

How do stents help treat coronary heart disease?

Answer 9

They keep the arteries open to improve blood flow.

Question 10

What is a pathogen?

Answer 10

A microorganism that causes disease.

Question 11

How do vaccines work?

Answer 11

They stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies.

Question 12

Why can’t antibiotics treat viral infections?

Answer 12

Viruses live inside body cells, so antibiotics can’t reach them.

Question 13

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 13

Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

Question 14

What are the 3 factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 14

Light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration.

Question 15

In the required practical, how do we measure the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 15

By counting oxygen bubbles from pondweed.

Question 16

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 16

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water

Question 17

When does anaerobic respiration happen?

Answer 17

During exercise when there’s not enough oxygen.

Question 18

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 18

Anaerobic doesn’t use oxygen and produces less energy.

Question 19

What does the xylem do?

Answer 19

Carries water and minerals up the plant.

Question 20

What is transpiration?

Answer 20

The evaporation of water from the leaves.

Question 21

What controls the size of stomata?

Answer 21

Guard cells.

Question 22

what is active transport

Answer 22

substances absorbed from a low to high concentration against the concentration gradient

Question 23

what is osmosis

Answer 23

movement of water across a partially permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated 

Question 24

what is diffusion

Answer 24

particles from area of high to low concentration

Question 25

how can stem cells cure disease

Answer 25

replace damaged cells e.g. bone marrow transplant use stem cells to treat blood disease by producing new cells

Question 26

where is an exchange area in the body

Answer 26

lungs and small intestine

Question 28

What is the job of the lungs?

Answer 28

To take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

Question 29

What happens in the alveoli?

Answer 29

Gas exchange – oxygen goes into the blood, carbon dioxide comes out.

Question 30

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 30

They have a large surface area and thin walls.

Question 31

What gas do we breathe in?

Answer 31

Oxygen.

Question 32

What gas do we breathe out?

Answer 32

Carbon dioxide.

Question 33

What is the job of the heart?

Answer 33

To pump blood around the body.

Question 34

What does the blood carry?

Answer 34

Oxygen, nutrients, and carbon dioxide.

Question 35

What do arteries do?

Answer 35

Carry blood away from the heart.

Question 36

What do veins do?

Answer 36

Carry blood back to the heart.

Question 37

What do capillaries do?

Answer 37

Exchange substances between blood and body cells.

Question 38

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 38

Carry oxygen using haemoglobin.

Question 39

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 39

Fight infection.

Question 40

What do platelets do?

Answer 40

Help blood to clot.

Question 41

What is plasma?

Answer 41

The liquid part of blood that carries everything.

Question 42

what does the phloem transport

Answer 42

sugar

Question 43

what does xylem transport

Answer 43

water

Question 44

what pathogen reproduces in cells

Answer 44

viruses

Question 45

what is anaerobic respiration in muscles

Answer 45

glucose > lactic acid

Question 46

what is anaerobic respiration in plants

Answer 46

glucose > ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 47

what is fermentation

Answer 47

anaerobic respiration in plants