Paper 1 Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is a natural hazard
A natural process which could cause death, injury or disruption to humans, or destroy property and possessions
What are the two types of natural hazards
Geological (tectonic)
Meteorological (weather and climate)
What is a destructive plate margin
Two plates are moving towards each other
Can form volcanoes or fold mountains
Example of destructive plate margin
Along west coast of south amaerica, nazca plate subductions beneath South American plate resulting in atacama trench
What is a constructive plate margin
Moving away from each other, magma rises to fill gap and create new crust
Example of constructive plate?
Eurasian and North American forming Atlantic ridge when they move away from each other
What is a conservative plate margin?
Two plates moving sideways past each other
Example of conservative plate
San Andreas fault, the pacific plate is moving with North American plate but at different speeds
Why do people chose to live near a tectonic hazard (5 reasons)
- Always lived there
2.effective monitoring minimises risk
3.government will support them
4.mineral rich soil from volcanic ash - Tourist attraction of volcanoes
Four ways to reduce the effects of tectonic hazards
Monitoring
Prediction
Protection
Planning
Overview of tyhpohoon haiyan
Philippines
8th November 2013
Category 5
195 mph
Three primary effects of typhoon Haiyan
- 6190 people dead
- $12 billion damage
- 1.1 million tonnes of crops destroyed
Secondary effect of typhoon haiyan
800,000 litre oil leak
2 Immediate responses to typhoon haiyan
- 800,000 evacuated
- $1.5 billion foreign aid
2 long term responses from typhoon haiyan
- Build back better scheme
- Oxfam donated fishing boats
Overview of Japanese earthquake
March 11th 2011
Magnitude of 9
Destructive margin
Two primary effects of Japan earthquake
15,894 people died
330,000 buildings were destroyed
Secondary effects of Japan earthquake
$235 billion worth of damage
Radiation eight times more than normal
Immediate responses to Japan earthquake
100,000 Japanese army supported search and rescue
20 km evacuation zone around nuclear plant
Long-term responses to Japan earthquake
Coastal protection policy of seawalls and breakwaters
£190 billion budget to be spent over 10 years
Overview of Haiti earthquake
January 12, 2010
Magnitude of 7
Conservative margin
Primary effects of Haiti earthquake
316,000 people died
250,000 homes damaged
Damaged estimated at $7.9 billion
Secondary effects of Haiti earthquake
2 million people left without food and water
Cholera outbreak in November
Immediate responses to Haiti earthquake
USA sent 10,000 troops
£20 million donated by UK