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Paper 1 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is a natural hazard

A

A natural process which could cause death, injury or disruption to humans, or destroy property and possessions

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2
Q

What are the two types of natural hazards

A

Geological (tectonic)
Meteorological (weather and climate)

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3
Q

What is a destructive plate margin

A

Two plates are moving towards each other
Can form volcanoes or fold mountains

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4
Q

Example of destructive plate margin

A

Along west coast of south amaerica, nazca plate subductions beneath South American plate resulting in atacama trench

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5
Q

What is a constructive plate margin

A

Moving away from each other, magma rises to fill gap and create new crust

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6
Q

Example of constructive plate?

A

Eurasian and North American forming Atlantic ridge when they move away from each other

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7
Q

What is a conservative plate margin?

A

Two plates moving sideways past each other

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8
Q

Example of conservative plate

A

San Andreas fault, the pacific plate is moving with North American plate but at different speeds

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9
Q

Why do people chose to live near a tectonic hazard (5 reasons)

A
  1. Always lived there
    2.effective monitoring minimises risk
    3.government will support them
    4.mineral rich soil from volcanic ash
  2. Tourist attraction of volcanoes
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10
Q

Four ways to reduce the effects of tectonic hazards

A

Monitoring
Prediction
Protection
Planning

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11
Q

Overview of tyhpohoon haiyan

A

Philippines
8th November 2013
Category 5
195 mph

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12
Q

Three primary effects of typhoon Haiyan

A
  1. 6190 people dead
  2. $12 billion damage
  3. 1.1 million tonnes of crops destroyed
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13
Q

Secondary effect of typhoon haiyan

A

800,000 litre oil leak

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14
Q

2 Immediate responses to typhoon haiyan

A
  1. 800,000 evacuated
  2. $1.5 billion foreign aid
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15
Q

2 long term responses from typhoon haiyan

A
  1. Build back better scheme
  2. Oxfam donated fishing boats
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16
Q

Overview of Japanese earthquake

A

March 11th 2011
Magnitude of 9
Destructive margin

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17
Q

Two primary effects of Japan earthquake

A

15,894 people died
330,000 buildings were destroyed

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18
Q

Secondary effects of Japan earthquake

A

$235 billion worth of damage
Radiation eight times more than normal

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19
Q

Immediate responses to Japan earthquake

A

100,000 Japanese army supported search and rescue
20 km evacuation zone around nuclear plant

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20
Q

Long-term responses to Japan earthquake

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A

Coastal protection policy of seawalls and breakwaters
£190 billion budget to be spent over 10 years

21
Q

Overview of Haiti earthquake

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A

January 12, 2010
Magnitude of 7
Conservative margin

22
Q

Primary effects of Haiti earthquake

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A

316,000 people died
250,000 homes damaged
Damaged estimated at $7.9 billion

23
Q

Secondary effects of Haiti earthquake

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A

2 million people left without food and water
Cholera outbreak in November

24
Q

Immediate responses to Haiti earthquake

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A

USA sent 10,000 troops
£20 million donated by UK

25
Long-term responses to Haiti earthquake
Over 1 million people still lived in temporary shelters after one year Port needed rebuilding
26
Small ecosystem example
Avington Park Lake, Winchester in 2014
27
animal that uses mimicry
Viper caterpillar looks like venomous viper and mimic motion of snake
28
Animal that uses poison
Poison dart frog have a bright colours and spots
29
Animals that are nocturnal
Jaguars rely on darkness to hunt
30
Animal that changes habitat when adapting
SpiderMonkey developed tails for grasping
31
Three reasons why tropical rainforest are important
Native tribes live there 25% of medicines originate there Contains half of all biodiversity in the world
32
How much of the world oxygen comes from the Amazon?
28%
33
How much rain does it does it receive every year?
Less than 250 mm
34
Where is the Thar desert?
Covers areas of Northwest India and south east Pakistan
35
What is desertification?
The process by which land becomes drier and degraded as a result of climate change or human activities
36
When did storm Desmond hit the UK?
Fifth and sixth of December 2015
37
How did storm Desmond happen?
Warm air carriage from subtropical areas of the Caribbean Warm wet winds hit Cambrian Mountains and was f forced to rise quickly Air cooled and large rain bearing cloud formed
38
Primary effects of storm Desmond
5200 homes flooded in Cumbria and Lancashire £1.3 billion insurance bill Thousands of trees ripped from riverbanks
39
Long-term effects of storm Desmond
40 schools closed 100+ bridges require required inspection due to damage
40
Immediate responses to storm Desmond
350 soldiers helped evacuation Eight rescue centres were set up
41
Long-term responses to storm Desmond
£45 million spent on flood defences in Cumbria 4.4 million flood defence scheme in Cockermouth
42
What are the three natural causes of climate change?
Volcanic eruptions Sun spots Changes in orbit
43
How do you volcanic eruptions cause climate change?
They release lots of greenhouse gases However, the ash reflects radiation back to space and cools the Earth
44
How do sun spots cause climate change?
Storms on the Sun that increased temperatures
45
How does changes in orbit cause climate change?
As the Earth orbit changes the Earth can change distance from the Sun and temperature
46
What are the two human causes of climate change?
Deforestation Agriculture
47
How does deforestation cause climate change?
Trees containing carbon from photosynthesis release it when they are cut down
48
How does agriculture cause climate change?
Farming of meat and dairy products produce methane Rice paddies produce greenhouse gases

Geography (5 decks)

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