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AS PE > PAPER 1 - Diet and Nutrition > Flashcards

PAPER 1 - Diet and Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Define MACRO-NUTRIENTS

A

a TYPE OF FOOD (e.g. fat, protein, carbohydrate) required in LARGE AMOUNTS in the diet

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2
Q

Define MICRO-NUTRIENTS

A

VITAMINS and MINERALS we only needed in small amounts that play an important role in well-being

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3
Q

Define ENZYME

A

BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS which increases the speed oh chemical reactions

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4
Q

Define GLUCOSE

A

a SIMPLE SUGAR which is an important ENERGY SOURCE in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates

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5
Q

Define KCAL

A

kilocalorie - one kilocalorie is equal to 1000 calories

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6
Q

Define AMINO ACID

A

the building blocks of proteins

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7
Q

Define BMI

A

body mass index - a measure of whether you’re a healthy weight for your height

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8
Q

Define THERMIC

A

temperature

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9
Q

Define METABOLISM

A

how quickly you burn calories or fat - the CHEMICAL PROCESSES that let you stay alive

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10
Q

Define EXPENDITURE

A

the amount of energy (or calories) that a person needs to carry out a physical function

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11
Q

What do PROTEINS do ?

A
  • growth and repair
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12
Q

Give examples of proteins

A

meat / fish / beans / nuts

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13
Q

What do FATS do ?

A

store energy

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14
Q

What are the two types of fats ?

A

saturated and unsaturated

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15
Q

What are saturated fats at room temperature ?

A

solid (cheese)

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16
Q

What are unsaturated fats at rood temperature ?

A

liquid (avacado / nuts / oil)

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17
Q

What are LDLs ?

A

Low Density Lipoproteins - get stuck to arteries

18
Q

What are HDLs ?

A

High Density Lipoproteins - get rid of LDLs

19
Q

What does FIBRE do ?

A
  • helps digestion

- lowers cholesterol

20
Q

Give examples of fibre

A

fruit / nuts / vegetables / wholegrains

21
Q

What are CARBOHYDRATES ?

A
  • sugars and starch

- stored as glycogen and converted to glucose for energy

22
Q

Give examples of starch

A
  • rice

- potatoes

23
Q

Where is starch stored ?

A

liver and muscles

24
Q

Give examples of sugar

A
  • fruit

- honey

25
Q

Where is sugar stored ?

A

in the blood stream (as glucose)

26
Q

Does glycogen (starch) produce energy for aerobic or anaerobic energy ?

A

aerobic

27
Q

Why would an athlete want an energy during a competition and pasta before a competition ?

A

ENERGY DRINK - glucose = sugar - good for anaerobic energy - provides energy there and then

PASTA - glycogen = starch - good for aerobic energy - help sustain energy levels through out

28
Q

What does surplus glucose (high sugar diet) get converted to ?

A

TRIG-LY-CERI-DES (body fat)

29
Q

Give examples of muscle proteins

A
  • haemoglobin (Hb)
  • enzymes
  • Mb
30
Q

What do fats provide ?

A
  • essential fatty acids
  • fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E
  • aerobic energy source
31
Q

Which is better for you, saturated or unsaturated fats ?

A

unsaturated

32
Q

What is the result of eating a lot of saturated fats ?

A

cardiovascular disease

33
Q

What is the result of eating a lot of saturated fats ?

A
  • boosts delivery of oxygen
  • improves endurance and recovery rates
  • reduces joint stiffness and inflammation
34
Q

What are MINERALS ?

A

essential inorganic nutrients (micros)

35
Q

What do minerals do ?

A
  • bone and tooth health
  • controlling body fluids
  • enzyme formation
36
Q

What is CALCIUM important for ?

A
  • bone health
  • muscle contraction
  • blood clotting
  • nerve transmission
37
Q

What is IRON important for ?

A
  • formation of haemoglobin
  • enzyme reactions
  • immune system
38
Q

What is PHOSPHOROUS important for ?

A
  • bone health

- energy production

39
Q

Give some examples of TRACE MINERALS (mineral required in small amounts)

A
  • zinc
  • iodine
  • fluoride
40
Q

What are VITAMINS ?

A

essential organic nutrients

AS PE (5 decks)

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