paper 1 divider 2

Question 1

roles of managers

Answer 1

• setting objectives
• analysing
• leading
• making decisions
• reviweing

Question 2

authorisation

Answer 2

managers tell staff what to do and make decisions without consulting staff

Question 3

paternalistic

Answer 3

make the best decision for staff after consulting with them

Question 4

democratic

Answer 4

allow staff to be involved in decision making

Question 5

blake mounton grid

Answer 5

-easy to understand and apply to help develop/help managers and develop more desirable leadership style

Question 6

blake mounton grid adv

Answer 6

-acknlowges some leaders are only driven by results, which can demotivate stafgf if they are too focused on results

Question 7

blake mounton grid disad

Answer 7

-doesnt acknlowege that leadership styles need to change acording to the situation, e.g, insensity of competition, can all require different styles to maximise business performance

Question 8

tannebaum schmit continnum order

Answer 8

1. manager makes decision and announces it
2. manager sells decision
3. manager invites questions and presents decisiosn
4. presents tentaive decision subject to change
5. presents problem, gets suggestion, makes decision
6. asks group to make decison, defines limits
7. permits subordinates to function within limits, defined by superior

Question 9

tannebaum schmit continnum characteristcs

Answer 9

• suggests the exterenes of leadership styles

- suggests people based leadership skill can be developed and improved through delegation

Question 10

tannebaum schmit continnum adv

Answer 10

• shows how managers can have differnt levels of involvement
• provides opportunity for management learning and develoopment to enhance democrtaic leadership traits
• shows certain styles can be extreme or less desirbale

Question 11

tannebaums schmit continnum disad

Answer 11

• focus on setting tasks not following up results
• nature of workforce and the time constraints may impact sustanibility
• ignores business performance and enviromental factors such as competition or economy

Question 12

scientific decision making

Answer 12

• a model that highlights the different stages in a scientifc data based approach to decision making, it outlines a logical sequential process
  1. set objectives
  2. gather data
  3. analyse data
  4. select
  5. implement
  6. review
• amazon and tesco use this based off search history

Question 13

scientific decsion making adv

Answer 13

• clear direction
• outcome can be predicted, helps justify the decision
• decisions can be monitored, changes can be made if required
• greater variety of options are considered

Question 14

scientific decison making disad

Answer 14

• expensive, computer software
• time consuming
• external enviroment may change, so decison isnt relevant
• based on historic data

Question 15

intuition

Answer 15

• decisions based on gut feeling or the personal views of the leader/manager
• not suitable for fast moving enviroment

Question 16

intuition adv

Answer 16

• unfamiliar decisons can be made when theres no prior info avlible
• cost, cheap, no software or skilled anaylytical employees

Question 17

intuition disad

Answer 17

• human error could be costly

- may only involve one person, quality of decision may be poor without input from differnt functional areas

Question 18

decision tree

Answer 18

• diagrams that set out all avalible options avalible
• gets manager sto think through outcomes and differnt decisions
• dicsessed risks, rewards and opportunity costs

Question 19

decision tree adv

Answer 19

• cosnider all possible outcomes
• valuble
• quantitive approach
• greater accuracy and decsions
• redcues likelihood of strong option being overlooked

Question 20

deciosn tree disad

Answer 20

• only consider sucess or failiyre, not loong term decisions
• dont account for qualitive data
• can be over optimistic
• too risky
• could result in wrog, costly decisions

Question 21

how can objectives influence decision making

Answer 21

• targets that help acheive a mission
• should be realsitic
• may want to acheive objectives to secure promotion
• be aware of short terminism

Question 22

how can mission influence decision making

Answer 22

• should contribute to overall mission of the decision

- pay more for raw materials if its mission concerns ethics or high quality

Question 23

how can ethics influence decision making

Answer 23

• concerns the moral principles that underpin decison making
• e.g, sustaibility supplies
• may determine the significance of ethics as an influence on decision making

Question 24

how can external enviroment influence decision making

Answer 24

• PESTLE + C
• intensity of compeition increasing, so may need to fchange price or promotion
• consumer tastes changing

Question 25

how can resorucce constraints influence decision making

Answer 25

- money people and time - can limit the options avalible to a business - enough money to fund growth - pepole with the right skills to develop new products

Question 26

stakeholders

Answer 26

- an individual that has an interest in a business and an effect in it - e.g, shareholders, owners, managers - exernal= customerfs, creditiors, supplies, goverment - they impact an organisations success

Question 27

how might stakeholder interests conflict

Answer 27

- invest in an more employee incentive scheme to achieve greater satiscation, less likely to leave, more motivation, increazse costs - new tech: omcrease output, employees lose jobs, retrain, more job satisfdaction - expand the business: employees pay rise, more opportunities

Question 28

stakeholder mapping

Answer 28

- shows how much power different stakeholders have over and how much interest different stakeholders have in a business - can help a business manager identify which stakeholders are most powerful and need to be involved with business decision - hard to satsify all differnt conlifcts

Question 29

good behaviour with

Answer 29

- employees: retention, more motivation - customers: boost reputation and image - shareholders: encoruage to buy more shares - supliers: extended trade credit

Question 30

consulting with stakeholders

Answer 30

- implies two way communication - gather feedback: business decisions - open and honest: influencve stakeholders - stakeholders may feel valued in decisions