paper 1 specification 9

Question 1

what happens when lipids are broken down

Answer 1

fatty acids will lower the PH of the solution they’re in

Question 2

Explain why the presence of one disease can lead to a higher
susceptibility to other diseases

Answer 2

makes you more susceptible because your body becomes weakened by the disease so its less able to protect itself from other diseases

Question 3

what is a pathogen

Answer 3

a disease-causing organism, including
viruses, bacteria, fungi and protists

Question 4

describe cholera and ways to reduce it

Answer 4

-bacteria
-symptoms are diarrhoea
-spreads via contaminated water
-access to clean water supplies

Question 5

describe tuberculosis and ways to reduce it

Answer 5

-bacteria
-symptoms are lung damage, coughing
-spread via air when infected people cough
-practise good hygiene, well-ventilated area

Question 6

describe malaria and ways to reduce it

Answer 6

• a protist
  -symptoms are damage to red blood cells and liver
  -spread via mosquitoes (vectors that pass it on)
  -insect repellant

Question 7

describe chalara ash dieback and ways to reduce it

Answer 7

-fungus
-causes leaf loss
-carried via air by the wind
-removing young infected trees and replanting with a different species/reduce transportation

Question 8

How can you reduce the spread of HIV

Answer 8

-use a condom
-drug users should avoid sharing needles

Question 9

what is a symptom of chlamydia

Answer 9

infertility

Question 10

how do physical barriers such as the skin protect against pathogens

Answer 10

can create blood clots if damaged and quickly seal cuts to keep microorganisms outs