Paper 2

Question 1

According to the collision theory what affects the rate of reaction

Answer 1

high temp
powder»solid because it provides a larger surface area
pressure/concentration–>more particles in a fixed volume so there is higher chance of successful collisions

Question 2

how do catalysts affect the rate of reaction

Answer 2

lowers activation energy—>easier for reactions to take place

Question 3

describe le chateliers principle

Answer 3

whenever a change in conditions introduced to a system at equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will shift to cancel out the change

Question 4

how do you work out the rf value

Answer 4

distance moved by spot/distance moved by substance

Question 5

test for hydrogen gas

Answer 5

squeaky pop test

Question 6

test for oxygen gas

Answer 6

relights glowing splint

Question 7

test for co2 gas

Answer 7

turns lime water(alkaline sodium hydroxide) cloudy

Question 8

test for chlorine gas

Answer 8

bleaches damp litmus paper

Question 9

name the atmospheric gasses and their percentage abundance

Answer 9

co2=0.04
o2=21
nitrogen=78

Question 10

name the early atmospheric gases

Answer 10

ammonia(NH3)
methane
co2
water vapour

Question 11

name 3 greenhouse gases

Answer 11

water vapour
methane(CH4)
co2

Question 12

Hydrogen peroxide symbol

Answer 12

H2O2

Question 13

Hydroxide ion

Answer 13

-OH

Question 13

sulfate ion

Answer 13

SO4-2

Question 13

Nitrate ion

Answer 13

NO3-

Question 14

Carbonate ion

Answer 14

CO3-2

Question 15

Ammonium ion

Answer 15

NH4+

Question 16

Describe bio leaching

Answer 16

Add bacteria to water with metal dissolved in it, after absorbing the bacteria they then leach it out(bacteria piss with metal inside it)

Question 17

Describe Phytomining

Answer 17

plant a plant in metal rich soil, plants absorb the metal ions we then cut the plant burn it and carry out electrolysis on its ashes

Question 18

what do life assessments consider

Answer 18

energy
materials used
production
use of product
disposal of product

Question 19

separation techniques

Answer 19

chromatography
Distillation(removes solute from solvent)
filtration(insoluble particles)

Question 20

what does the group number tell you

Answer 20

number of electrons on the outershell

Question 21

what does the row(period) tell us

Answer 21

number of shells

Question 22

what happens to metals when they bond

Answer 22

give out electrons

Question 23

what happens to non metals when they bond

Answer 23

take electrons

Question 24

what happens to the reactivity of group one (alkali)as you go down

Answer 24

the reactivity increases, because the outer electron is further from the nucleus so it is easier to loose it and reach a full outershell

Question 25

what does the bottom number represent on a chemical symbol

Answer 25

atomic number(proton number)number of protons/electrons

Question 25

what happens to the reactivity of group 7(the halogens) as you go down

Answer 25

the reactivity decreases as the outer shell is further way from the nucleus, so electrons are not accepted as easily

Question 26

what does the top number represent on a chemical symbol

Answer 26

mass number= protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 26

what is ionic bonding

Answer 26

the bonding between a metal and a non metal. Metal donates electrons to non metal. metal becomes a positive ion while non metal becomes a negative ion

Question 27

what is covalent bonding

Answer 27

non metals sharing electrons as they cannot give any electrons needed=covalent bonds made

Question 27

what are fullerenes

Answer 27

a type of carbon with cage like structures and tubes based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms first one discovered was the buck minister fullerene(C60)

Question 28

what is graphite

Answer 28

an allotrope of carbon. Only forms 3 bons therefore there will be one delocalised electron hexagons arranged in giant layers there is no covalent bonds between the layers, therefore weak intermolecular forces and layers can slide over each other therefore can conduct thermal energy and electricity

Question 29

what is graphene

Answer 29

most reactive form of carbon great conductor of electricity one single layer of graphite

Question 30

what are carbon nanotubes

Answer 30

cylinder fullerenes high tensile strength used to reinforce composite materials drug delivery in body lubricants catalysts

Question 31

what is metallic bonding

Answer 31

atoms form a lattice ions surrounded by a see of free delocalised electrons

Question 31

metal+oxygen(oxidation)

Answer 31

metal oxide

Question 31

what are polymers

Answer 31

carbon based molecules made by joining monomers together to make long chains

Question 32

metal/metal oxide+water

Answer 32

metal hydroxide(alkali)+hydrogen

Question 33

acid+metal hydroxide

Answer 33

salt+water(neutralisation)

Question 34

avogadros constant

Answer 34

6.02*10^23

Question 35

what is the formula for the number of moles

Answer 35

mass/ar or mr

Question 36

formula for concentration

Answer 36

amount solute g/volume of solution dm^3 amount of solute g/volume cm^3*1000

Question 37

what ions do acids give out

Answer 37

H+

Question 38

exothermic

Answer 38

energy released