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Sport studies > paper 2 > Flashcards

paper 2 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

basic skill definition and example

A

few decisions
not genric to a sport

  • running
  • jumping
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2
Q

complex skill definition and example

A
  • decisions needed
  • lots of thinking
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3
Q

open skill definition and example

A

changing environment

  • a pass in football
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4
Q

closed skill definition and example

A

non changing environment

  • front crawl
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5
Q

self paced definition and example

A

started by you

badminton serve

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6
Q

externally paced definition and example

A

started by someone else

  • gun in 100m sprint
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7
Q

gross definition and example

A

big muscle groups

  • rugby tackle
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7
Q

fine definition and example

A

small muslce groups

-archer
- darts

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8
Q

ability

A

inherited, stable traits that determine an individual’s potential to learn or acquire a skill.

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9
Q

skill

A

A learned action/learned behavior

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10
Q

outcome goal definition and example

A

focusing on outcome/end result

-winning games
- winning the league

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11
Q

performance goal definition and example

A

Personal standards to be achieved. compared to you and past results not to others

  • amount of tackles/passes in football
  • improve techniques
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12
Q

what is SMART

A

specific - specific to your sport and position
measurable - able to be measured on a scale e.g number of goals
accepted - the performer has to believe in it
realistic - realistic achievable target to their ability level
time-bound - has time on it to monitor progress on a time scale e

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13
Q

positive/negative feedback

A

positive - what went well positive encouragement
negative - error correction and information on what is going wrong

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14
Q

intrinsic/extrinsic

A

intrinsic - comes from within the performer and what they think
extrinsic - feedback from others such as a coach or parent

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15
Q

knowledge of results/knowledge of performance

A

knowledge of result - if the skill was successful considering the result

knowledge of performance - if the skill was good concerned about technique

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16
Q

arousal

A

A physical and mental (physiological and psychological) state of alertness/readiness, varying
from deep sleep to intense excitement/alertness.

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17
Q

stress management techniques

A

deep breathing
mental rehearsal/visualisation/imagery
positive self-talk.

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18
Q

direct aggression

A

physical contact
- rugby tackle
- boxing punch

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19
Q

indirect aggression

A

out on sporting objects to gain an advantage
-hitting tennis ball at high speed to hit past player
- hitting the ball at a high speed past goalkeeper

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20
Q

characteristics of an introvert

A

shy/quiet
thoughtful
enjoy being on their own.
Tend to play individual sports when:

concentration/precision (fine skill) is required
low arousal is required.

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21
Q

characteristics of an extrovert

A

enjoy interaction with others/sociable/aroused by others
enthusiastic/talkative
prone to boredom when isolated/by themselves.
Tend to play team sports when:

there is a fast pace
concentration may need to be low
gross skills are used.

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22
Q

reasons that affect participation

A

gender - males get more opportunities/ males sports get more exposure

race/religion/culture - fasting/ religion don’t allow it/ education over sport

age - as you get older it is harder

family/friends/peers - might not be in a sporty environment

disability. - might now allow to play certain sports due to physical disability

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23
Q

commercanlastion

A

To manage or exploit (an organisation, activity, etc) in a way designed to make a profit.

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24
sponsorships types
financial clothing and equipment, including footwear facilities.
25
golden triangle
sponsors - pay sport/ money from media sport paid by media and sponsors media get to show sport and paid by sponsors
26
types of media
television radio the press the internet social media. newspaper
27
performers and technology
- better equipment - better training facilities -fewer injuries to see work load - better feed back - not affordable -continually accessed adding pressure
28
spectators and technology
- better stadia - better coverage - accurate decision - increased ticket prices - ruins authenticity
29
sport and technology
- better feedback and analysis for coaches - exact timings 100m sprint - better equipment f1 cars - better surfaces of pitches -unequal completion due to costs -delays will waiting for decisions
30
officials and technology
- more help with decisions - better communication between refs - wrong decisions highlighted -over-reliant on it - only available at some levels of a sport
31
sponsor and technology
- increased visibility -bigger audience -more sponsorship opportunities s -higher costs to make and hire
32
etiqutte
A convention or unwritten rule in an activity. It is not an enforceable rule but it is usually observed - shaking hands at end of game - congratulating oppent
33
sportsmanship
Conforming to the rules, spirit, and etiquette of a sport -kicking the ball out for an injured player -acknowledging foul when you commit one
34
gamesmanship
Attempting to gain an advantage by bending the rules to their limit (but not breaking them). -slightly wasting time - overdoing a foul - appealing In some sports
35
contract to compete
Unwritten agreement to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules. Unwritten agreement within sports where participants agree to do there best
36
The advantages for the performer of taking PEDs
increased chances of success fame wealth level playing field.
37
The disadvantages for the performer of taking PEDs
cheating/immoral associated health risks fines bans reputational damage.
38
The disadvantages to the sport/event of performers taking PEDs
reputation credibility. particaptaion
39
Strategies employed to combat hooliganism/spectator behaviour
early kick-offs all-seater stadia segregation of fans improved security alcohol restrictions travel restrictions/banning orders education/promotional activity/campaigns and high profile endorsements.
40
reasons for holagism
rivalries hype fuelled by alcohol/drugs gang culture frustration (eg at official's decisions) display of masculinity.
41
The consequences of a sedentary lifestyle
weight gain/obesity heart disease hypertension diabetes poor sleep poor self-esteem lethargy.
42
obesity
BMI of over 30
43
input processing model
picked up uses senses - more ex[rinced sports performer can use selective attention to only focus on the important thing such as not listing to the crowd in a football match
44
decision-making processing model
using short-term memory to see where a teammate is long term to think about simular past situations
45
output processing model
carrying out movement decided
46
feedback processing model
intrinsically - from within extrinsic - from external sources
47
processing model loop
feedback given will influence future descisions and inputs therefore over time improving sporting performance
48
visual guidance pos and neg
seeing/mental photo/demonstration/videos pos -repeatable Neg -The demo needs to be of quality -info overload
49
verbal guidancephy
instructions/ coaching points Pos -clarity for performers neg - no mental photo -confusion over language if its to complex -info overload
50
manual guidance
physical guiding/correct technique Pos -1/1 sessions -better technique - more confidence Neg -not good for groups -permission
51
mechanical guidance
use of objects/cones. rope Pos - fun for the performer - may increase safety -early experience with higher skills trampoline -variety Neg -expensive avalaibtyl - not sport-specific
52
intrinsic motivation
drive from within - enjoying something - feel-good factor - pride - feeling healthier
53
extrinsic motivation
from external sources tangible - certificates trophies money medals intangible - applause fame praise feedback
54
diuretics
used to remove excess water and lose weight also mask other drugs -jockey - boxer weight category cramps and dehydration
55
blood doping
blood pulled out weeks before then put back to have more red blood cells so more oxygen to working muscles and less fatigue - long distance -thickening of blood causing a heart attack
56
beta-blockers
reduce heart rate and levels of airplane -archery snooker darts -nausea - poor blood circulation
57
anabolic agents
improve muscle strength mass and power and aid recovery of muscles -sprinters bodybuilders weight lifters -aggression - liver and kidney damage
58
stimulants
increase reaction time and alertness -100m sprinters heart issues - addiction -stroke
59
narcotic analgesics
very strong painkillers -athletes with injuries -addiction -loss of concentration -low blood pressure -to strong
60
epo
increase red blood cell production -long distance - thickening blood heart attack
61
spectators positives
creation of atmosphere home-field advantage (for home team/individuals). revune
62
spectators negatives
negative effect on performance as a result of increased pressure potential for crowd trouble/hooliganism safety costs/concerns negative effect on participation numbers amongst younger performers.
63
obesity consequences
cancer heart disease/heart attacks diabetes high cholesterol. mental - depression loss of confidence. social inability to socialize inability to leave home.
64
ectomorph
long distance skinny narrow hips and shoulders
65
mesomorph
athletic wide shoulder flat stomach sprinter
66
endomorph
wide hips narrow shoulders prob in rugby
67
metabolic rate
how much calories you burn at rest
68
calorie intake
gender - men need more age - growing teenagers need more height - tall people need more cos they have longer bones energy expenditure - the more you burn the more you need
69
diet percentages
carbs 60-55 fats 25-30 protein 15-20
70
Identify three negative effects that the media in sport has on performers.
Can increase the pressure to perform if the event/match is televised (1) * Any mistakes made can become very public ( * Increased focus on their private life (1) Training can be disrupted by carrying out media duties (1) * Could be the subject of online / social media abuse (1)
71

Sport studies (2 decks)

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